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| an enduring set of characteristics that defines our individuality and affects interactions with environment and people |
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| Patterns of thoughts feelings and behaviors |
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| So many personality traits, no possible generalizations. So grouped together |
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A factor analysis of personality
McCrae and Costa: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness |
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Stability of individual's rank order within a group over time
(do the most extraverted individuals at age 20 remain the most extraverted at 50?) |
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| changes in a groups' average scores over time |
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| intra-individual variability |
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| do the personality traits of an individual remain stable or change over time? |
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| Person-environment transactions |
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| Caspi :Suggests that individuals' genetic endowment and environmental factors combine to maintain personality traits over adulthood. Can be conscious or unconscious:reactive, evocative, proactive, manipulative |
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identity (vs. role confusion)
Erikson |
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first adult stage of development according to Erikson.
Person must develop a specific set of personal values and goals |
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intimacy (vs. isolation)
Erikson |
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2nd adult stage
The ability to fuse your identity with someone else's without fear that you will lose something of yourself (Evans 1969) |
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generativity (vs. self-absorption)
Erikson |
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Stsge VII (3rd adult stage)
Procreation, productivity, creativity - establishing and guiding next generation. could be mentoring, not parenting |
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ego integrity (vs. despair)
Erikson |
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| acceptance of oneself as is. wisdom |
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| Freud's term for a set of normal, unconscious strategies used for dealing with anxiety |
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| Aging not a loss, but a gain in personal freedom. After parenting over, allowing "other -gender" characteristics to emerge |
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| Highest level of Maslow's "hierarchy of needs" |
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| feelings of perfection and momentary separation from self, in unity with universe |
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| Movement away from fixation on curing or preventing negative conditions, and focus on valued subjective experiences |
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| self-determination theory |
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| Personality is based on individuals' evolved inner resources for growth and integration. Essential part of human nature |
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| a sense of integrity and well-being. Entails basic needs for competence(feeling of effectiveness), autonomy(our actions are our own volition) and relatedness(feeling of being cared about and belonging with others) |
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| happiness that involves the presence of positive feelings and the absence of negative feelings |
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reactive transactions
Person-environment transactions |
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| When we react or interpret an experience in a way that is consistent with our personality |
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evocative transactions
Person-environment transactions |
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| behaving in a way that elicits reactions from others that confirm our own personality or self -concept. (low self-seteem rejects complements, end up even more convinced they are not valued) |
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proactive transactions
Person-environment transactions |
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| When we select roles and environments that best fit our personalities |
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manipulative transactions
Person-environment transactions |
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| when we attempt to change our current environment by causing change in the people around us |
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1. High adaptive level
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism |
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Definition
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism
Altruism. dealing with stress by helping others |
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2. Mental Inhibition level
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism |
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Definition
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism
Repression - expelling problems from conscious awareness |
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3.Minor image distorting level
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism |
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Valiant levels of Defense mechanism
Omnipotence - dealing with stress by glorifying one's accomplishments/belongings |
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4. Disavowal level
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism |
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Valiant levels of Defense mechanism
Denial - refusing to acknowledge that anything bad happened |
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5. Major image distorting level
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism |
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Valiant levels of Defense mechanism
Autistic fantasy -dealing with stress by daydreaming rather than taking action |
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6. Action level
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism |
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Valiant levels of Defense mechanism
help-rejecting, complaining - dealing with stress by complaining, but rejecting offers of help or advice |
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