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| group of stars that forms a pattern that looks like a familiar object, animal, or character |
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| measure of the amount of light a star actually emits |
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| measure of the amount of light that is received on Earth from a star |
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| apparent shift in position of an object when it is viewed from two different positions |
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distance that light travels in one year, which is used to measure distances in space
- 9.5 trillion km |
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| lowest layer of the sun's atmosphere and the layer that gives off light |
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| layer of the sun's atmosphere above the photosphere and below the corona |
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| largest layer of the sun's atmosphere that extends millions of miles into space |
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| dark, relatively cool area on the surface of the sun |
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| system in which two stars orbit each other |
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| in an H-R diagram, the diagonal band of stars that runs from hot, bright stars in the upper-left corner of the diagram to cool, faint stars in the lower-right corner |
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| large cloud of gas and dust that can fragment into smaller pieces, each of which will collapse and form stars |
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| stage in a star's life cycle where hydrogen in the core is used up, the core contracts, and temperatures inside the star increase, causing the outer layers of the star to expand |
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| late stage in a star's life cycle where its core uses up its supply of helium, it contracts, and its outer layers escape into space, leaving behind the hot dense core |
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| late stage in the life cycle of a massive star where the core reaches very high temperatures, heavy elements form by fusion, and the star expands |
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| collapsed core of a supernova that shrinks to about 10 km to 15 km in diameter and has only neutrons in the dense core |
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| remnant of a star that is so dense that nothing can escape its gravity |
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| large group of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity |
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| states that approximately 15 billion years ago, the universe began expanding out of an enormous explosion |
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