Term
| Corporal punishment - positive outcome associated |
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Definition
Spanking - immediate compliance (this also means negative reinf for the parent)
Usually get more long-term compliance with timeout but it takes longer |
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Term
| Spanking/corporal punishment and negative outcomes |
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Definition
Poorer internalization of morals/discipline
Increased risk of abuse (increases with severity/frequency)
Increased risk of child mental health problems in adulthood
Negative oucomes increase as frequency and intensity of use increases
- Discipline should be a comprehensive approach to developing appropriate child behavior. One technique alone won’t do it. |
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Term
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Definition
| broader term for abuse, neglect and other things |
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Term
| Child Maltreatment - estimates from CDC for 2002 |
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Definition
Based on founded complaints
- 906,000 confirmed by CPS as maltreated
o 61% for neglect (most common form of maltreatment)
o 19% for physical abuse (most common form of abuse)
o 10% for sexual abuse
o 5% for emotional/psychological abuse (hard to prove and often involves a lot of stuff to prove it was this)
- 1,500 children died from maltreatment
o 36% from neglect
o 28% from physical abuse
o 29% from multiple maltreatment types |
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Term
| CDC on costs of maltreatment |
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Definition
| : “Direct costs (judicial, law enforcement and health system responses to child maltreatment) are estimated at $24 billion each year. The indirect costs (long-term economic consequences of child maltreatment) exceed an estimated $69 billion annually. |
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Term
Fatalities assoc with maltreatment
____ % younger than 4
_____ % younger than 1 |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the pie graphs of who is responsible for abuse tell us? |
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Definition
| It is often the parent who will do it - this is b/c neglect is the most common form and for younger kids as well. |
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Term
| Diagnostic Considerations |
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Definition
Thinking about PTSD and other adjustment disorders.
Codes for the type of maltreatment they have experienced. V codes are included for if focus of tx is the perpetrator
- Incestuous and nonincestuous abuse – we are prepping kids for the kind of abuse that is much less likely to occur |
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Term
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Definition
- Not just depression, watch for anxiety disorders as well
- Rates by gender and age show males more likely and begins to increase at teens and uptick later in life as well |
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Term
| What is the problem with predicting who will commit suicide? |
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Definition
| It has such a low base rate that most of our statisical measures are not adequate here, so we look for risk factors |
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Term
| High risk factors for suicide |
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Definition
Being male
o Among males
Previous attempts
16 years or older
Mood disorder
Substance abuse – comorbidity of attempting to medicate other problems and makes you less inhibited/in control of bx
o Among females
Mood disorder
Previous attempts
o Immediate risk predicted by agitation and MDD |
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Term
| Immediate risk for suicide predicted by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| more often in mid-late teens. Feeding disorders more often in younger children |
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Term
| Binging - defined and subjective |
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Definition
eating a significant amount of food in
a short period of time (2 hrs)
o Defined: eating in a discrete period of time (2 hours) an amount of food that is definitely larger than most individuals would eat under similar circumstances” p. 589
o Subjective: in progressive/prolonged cases, criteria for a strict “binge” are hard to meet. Many experience “subjective binges” - Issue can also be perception – no longer that having active binge episode but the perception of what is actually there – sometimes can be a “subjective” binge |
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Term
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Definition
o Vomiting
o Medications – laxatives, diurectics, etc
o Fasting
o Exercise |
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Term
| Other symptoms associated with EDs aside from AN and BN |
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Definition
| o Eating inedibles, regurgitation/rechewing, failure to thrive etc. |
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Term
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Definition
- Refusal to maintain body weight – less than 85% of expected
- Intense fear of gaining weight, though underweight
- Disturbance in way body weight or shape is perceived
- Amenorrhea (if developmentally appropriate)
- Types
o Restricting type
o Binge-eating/Purging Type |
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Term
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Definition
- Recurrent episodes of binging with lack of control
- Recurrent compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain
- On average, at least twice a week for 2 months
- Self-evaluation based on body shape/weight
- Disturbance not during episode of AN
- Types
o Purging type
o Nonpurging type (e.g. fasting or exercise) |
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Term
| AN/BN, what's the diagnostic difference? |
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Definition
- Weight is the only diagnostic difference – 15% below expected weight for AN
- If appropriate, amenorrhea
- NOT BN involves bingin and AN involves fasting and fear of weight gain |
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Term
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Definition
- AN but with menses
- Normal weight range
- Less frequency episodes than criteria
- Subjective binges
- Chewing and spitting out large amount of food (not swallowing)
- Binge-Eating Disorder (p. 787)
Getting creative – nontextbook eating disorders – have to watch out for those foods now that act as laxatives (Light chips with Olestra). Cognitive misperceptions/distortions (red jello) |
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Term
| Other markers or Symptoms to look for |
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Definition
- Abdominal bruises, scars
- Enamel erosion
- Burst capillaries
- Host of medical problems (e.g., electrolytes, tissue breakdown, etc) |
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Term
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Definition
- Persistent eating of nonnutritive substances from 1 month
- Inappropriate for developmental level
- Not part of a culturally sanctioned practice
- If during course of another disorder (e.g., MR/DD, psychotic) is sufficiently severe to warrant additional diagnosis |
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Term
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Definition
For at least 1 month, repreated regurgitation and rechewing of food.
Not due to another condition (e.g., reflux)
Does not occur exclusively during AN or BN; if other comorbid disorders, this is sufficiently severe given their impairments |
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Term
| Feeding Disorder of infancy and early childhood |
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Definition
Feeding disturbance for at least 1 month
- Failure to eat adequately to either gain or lose weight
Not due to another condition (reflux)
Not accounted for by another disorder or lack of food
Onset before 6 years |
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