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-Visible Light - Unlimited magnification, Limited Resolution |
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| Ratio of an object's image to its real size |
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| Resolving Power (Resolution) |
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-Clarity, sharpness, ability to distinguish two objects as separate entities -Determined by the wavelength |
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| Subcellular structures that together perform the cell's functions |
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-Aims electron beam through thin slice of specimen -Used to provide 2D images |
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-Used to study the surface of a specimen -Surface is coated with a thin gold coat, electrons bounce off gold, providing a topograph of the specimen. |
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| take cells apart in order to separate various organelles |
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| machines used to separate mixtures based on mass |
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| semifluid substance in which organelles are found |
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-bacteria, archae -nucleoid (no membrane) -smaller -no membrane bound organelles |
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| region where DNA is stored in a prokaryotic cell, no membrane |
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-protists, plants, fungi, animals -true nucleus -larger -membrane bound nucleus |
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| region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane |
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| selective barrier made of a phospholipid bilayer that allowed passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire cell |
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| contains genetic material of eukaryotic cells |
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| double layer membrane separating the nucleus from the rest of the cell, contains pores where the inner and outer membranes fuse (and a protein called the pore complex regulates what goes in and out) |
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| a netlike array of proteinfilaments (intermediate filaments) that maintains the shape of the nucleus, lines the inside of the nuclear membrane except at the pores |
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| thin threads of DNA present during normal cell function |
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| highly coiled chromatin fibers present during cell division, each specific species has a characteristic number of chromosomes |
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| a structure within the nucleus that produces rRNA and synthesizes parts of ribosomes (ribosomal subunits). These structures exit the nucleus through the pores and form ribosomes |
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composed of a large and small subunit protein synthesis free ribosomes: suspended in cytosol bound ribosomes: attached to the ER, make proteins designed for insertion into membranes or export (secretion) |
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| membranes of various organelles that are related either through direct physical continuity or transfer of membrane segments through vesicles |
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| sacs made out of tiny pieces of membrane used to transport particles |
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network of membranous tubules and sacs (cisternae) internal space of ER is continuous with the space between the outer and inner layers of the nuclear membrane |
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synthesis of lipids (including hormones--> testes and ovaries) carbohydrate metabolism (enzyme inside the ER removes the phosphate from glucose, allowing the glucose to leave the cell) detoxification (add a hydroxyl, more soluble, flushed from body) |
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produces secretory proteins (usually glycoproteins) membrane production |
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receives transport vesicles from the ER "cis" receives, "trans" ships out particles are modified in the golgi body, and then shipped out in a different form |
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