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| . The anterior pituitary gland, called the adenohypophysis, secretes which horomones? |
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Definition
Growth hormone (GH), which stimulates growth in tissue and bone
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which acts on the thyroid gland
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal gland
• Gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH] and luteinizing hormone [LH]), which affect the ovaries. (FSH and LH are discussed in more detail in Chapter 56.) |
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| which Two hypothalamic hormones regulate GH |
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| (1) growth hormone–releasing hormone (GH-RH) and (2) growth hormone–inhibiting hormone (GH-IH; somatostatin). |
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| Growth hormone drugs cannot be given ______, because they are inactivated by gastrointestinal enzymes. |
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| Prolonged GH therapy can antagonize insulin secretion and eventually cause |
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| a product that has the identical amino acid sequence as human growth hormone |
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| (excessive growth after puberty |
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| excessive growth during childhood |
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| a potent synthetic somatostatin used to suppress GH release. |
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| The adenohypophysis secretes WHAT in response to thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus |
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| thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) |
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| WHICH electrolyte to you pay special attention to if the patient is on adrenocorticotropic hormone? |
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| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Nursing interventions |
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monitor growth in children
monitor weight, edema, and electrolytes (especially K)
warn client to reduce salt intake
instruct clients about reporting symptoms. |
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| The posterior pituitary gland, |
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| The posterior pituitary gland, known as the neurohypophysis, secretes which hormones? |
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| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin) and oxytocin. |
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| When there is a deficiency of ADH, large amounts of water are excreted by the kidneys. |
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| ADH (antidiuretic hormone) replacement therapy drugs |
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| vasopressin (Pitressin) and desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) |
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| The posterior pituitary gland, known as the neurohypophysis, secretes which hormones? |
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| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin) and oxytocin. |
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| When there is a deficiency of ADH, large amounts of water are excreted by the kidneys. This is called... |
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| Head injury and brain tumors resulting in trauma to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland can cause |
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| what is secreted by the thyroid gland. |
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| Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) |
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| The functions of T4 and T3 are to regulate what |
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| regulate protein synthesis and enzyme activity and to stimulate mitochondrial oxidation. |
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| a decrease in thyroid hormone secretion is called.. |
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| Hypothyroidism can have 2 causes.. |
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| a primary cause (thyroid gland disorder) or a secondary cause (lack of TSH secretion). |
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| evere hypothyroidism in the adult; |
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| e lethargy, apathy, memory impairment, emotional changes, slow speech, deep coarse voice, edema of the eyelids and face, thick dry skin, cold intolerance, slow pulse, constipation, weight gain, and abnormal menses |
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| drug of choice for replacement therapy for the treatment of hypothyroidism. |
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| Levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid) |
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| drug of choice for replacement therapy for the treatment of hypothyroidism. |
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| Levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid) |
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| drug of choice for replacement therapy for the treatment of hypothyroidism. |
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| Levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid) |
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| a synthetic T3 that has a short half-life and duration of action; it is not recommended for maintenance therapy. |
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| an increase in circulating T4 and T3 levels, which results from an overactive thyroid gland or excessive output of thyroid hormones from one or more thyroid nodules. |
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| the most common type of hyperthyroidism caused by hyperfunction of the thyroid gland. |
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| . Graves disease, or thyrotoxicosis, |
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| characteristics of graves disease |
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| a rapid pulse (tachycardia), palpitations, excessive perspiration, heat intolerance, nervousness, irritability, exophthalmos (bulging eyes), and weight loss. |
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| Hyperthyroidism can be treated by |
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Definition
| surgical removal of a portion of the thyroid gland (subtotal thyroidectomy), radioactive iodine therapy, or antithyroid drugs, which inhibit either synthesis or release of thyroid hormone |
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| The purpose of antithyroid drugs is to |
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Definition
| reduce the excessive secretion of thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) by inhibiting thyroid secretion. |
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| The parathyroid glands secrete |
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| parathyroid hormone (PTH), |
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| what regulates calcium levels in the blood |
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| parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
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| what regulates calcium levels in the blood |
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| parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
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| A decrease in serum calcium stimulates the release of |
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| parathyroid hormone (PTH), |
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| a vitamin D analogue that promotes calcium absorption |
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| Hyperparathyroidism can be caused by... |
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| can be caused by malignancies of the parathyroid glands or ectopic PTH hormone secretion from lung cancer, hyperthyroidism, or prolonged immobility, during which calcium is lost from bone. |
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| the adrenal glands consist of |
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Definition
| adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex. |
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| The adrenal cortex produces which two types of hormones, |
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| glucocorticoids (cortisol) and mineralocorticoids (aldosterone). |
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| sodium retention and potassium excretion |
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| A decrease in corticosteroid secretion is called |
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| adrenal hyposecretion (adrenal insufficiency, or Addison disease |
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| an increase in corticosteroid secretion is called |
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| adrenal hypersecretion (Cushing syndrome). |
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| the adrenal cortex produces which horomones? |
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| both glucocorticoids (cortisol) and mineralcorticoids (aldosterone). |
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| aldosterone is one of the hormonal agents integral to the regulation of |
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Definition
| fluid balance and blood pressure. |
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| what hormone initiates uterine contraction for labor/delivery and is secreted in response to peaking estrogen levels at the end of the third trimester. |
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| diabetes insipidus drug treatments |
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| Drugs are vasopressin (Pitressin) and desmopressin acetate (DDAVP). |
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| drug treatment for HYPOthyroidism? |
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| drug class that controls hyperthyroidism? |
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| drug names to control HYPERthyroidism? |
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| ). Drugs are propylthioruacil (PTU) and methimazole (Tapazole). |
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| treatment options for SEVERE HYPERthyroidism |
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| radiation and surgical removal |
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| Hypoparathyroidism causes |
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| Hyperparathyroidism causes |
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| • Because steroids are immunosuppressive drugs you must constantly be screening for any and all |
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Definition
| any and all infections (NANDA: Risk for infection) |
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| Steroids DON’T affect pancreatic function. They DO make a patient’s cells resistant to their own .... |
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| oral prednisone (Deltasone) side effects |
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Definition
IMMUNOSUPRESSION
HYPERGLYCEMIA
THINNING OF SKIN
POOR WOUND HEALING
ABNORMAL FAT ACCUMULATION
ELECTROLYTE CHANGES
RISK FOR PEPTIC ULCERS
IRRITABILITY/MOOD CHANGES/DEPRESSION |
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| How does a patient stop taking Prednisone properly? |
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Definition
| taper it off. Stopping the meds abruptly can cause a adrenal insufficiency crisis (addison's disease) |
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1. A client is receiving the growth hormone drug somatrem (Protropin). The nurse understands that the action of this drug is to do what?
a. To act as an antiinflammatory agent
b. To increase metabolic rate and oxygen consumption
c. To stimulate growth in long bones at epiphyseal plates
d. To promote water reabsorption form the renal tubules |
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2. A client is given desmopressin acetate (DDAVP). The nurse knows that this drug is to treat which condition?
a. Gigantism
b. Diabetes mellitus
c. Diabetes insipidus
d. Adrenal insufficiency |
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3. A client is taking levothyroxine (Synthroid). For which adverse effect would the nurse monitor the client?
a. Tachycardia
b. Drowsiness
c. Constipation
d. Weight gain |
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4. A client has just begun taking dihydrotachysterol (DHT). What is a nursing implication of this drug?
a. To monitor the client's weight
b. To monitor weekly calcium levels
c. To teach side effects of alopecia and petechiae
d. To instruct the client to avoid persons with respiratory infections |
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5. A client is given corticotropin (Acthar). The nurse knows to monitor the client for which condition?
a. Weight gain
b. Hyperkalemia
c. Hypoglycemia
d. Hypercalcemia |
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6. A nurse is administering prednisone (Deltasone) to a client newly admitted to the hospital who is taking multiple other drugs. The nurse should consider which drug interactions with prednisone? (Select all that apply.)
a. The cardiac and CNS actions are increased when taken with an adrenergic agent.
b. Potassium-wasting diuretics increase potassium loss resulting in hypokalemia.
c. The risk of GI bleeding and ulceration increases when taken with aspirin and other NSAIDs.
d. The action of prednisone is decreased when taken with phenytoin (Dilantin) as phenytoin increases glucocorticoid metabolism.
e. The risk of dysrhythmias and digitalis toxicity increases when taken with cardiac glycosides.
f. The dosage of antidiabetic agents may need to be increased when taken concurrently with glucocorticoids. |
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7. The nurse is administering vasopressin (Pitressin) to a client. The nurse realizes that nursing implications for this drug would include which implications? (Select all that apply.)
a. Record urinary output.
b. Observe the client's weight and note edema.
c. Monitor the client for decreased blood pressure.
d. Closely monitor the client's blood glucose levels.
e. Monitor the client's pulse for increased heart rate.
f. Record the client's daily calcium levels. |
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