Term
name some general guidelines for material and finish selections |
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Definition
1. obtain as much info about a product being reviewed 2. inform client of selected products along with problems or risks 3. aks the mfgr or mfgr rep about potenial problems with product or failed product installation 4. for each item on the list of comparable projects, obtain owners name, name of design professional responsible, & installation contractor to discuss how effective product was. 5. notify mfgr in writing the intended use of the product & ask for written confirmation that the that the product is appropriate for it's intended use 6. follow mfgr recommodations for detailing and specs - get mfgr written approval of. req shop drawings prep by mfgr or installing contractor, require shop drawings approve by both parties 7. although not ID's responsibility, site visit to ensure procedures are followed 8. in the case of difficult installtion, require mfgr to provide field rep to confirm installation to mfgr rep. SPECS SHOULD REQUIRE ANY INSTALLING CONTRACTOR APPROVED BY MFGR 9. investigate mfgr, distributor and installing contractor - confirm reputable |
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Term
what types of information need to be obtained by the mfgr when making a selection? |
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Definition
Goal: Obtain as much info as possible -promotional literature -technical data -suggested details -recommended installation procedures -material safety & data sheets (MSDS) -list of comparable projects in which the product has already been used |
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Term
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Definition
Material Safety & Data Sheet |
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Term
what should you inform the client about when it comes to a selected product? |
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Definition
any potential problems or risks, and obtain approval for all prducts uses, especially those that are new or used in a unique way |
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Term
name some of the overall criteria for selecting m,f & f |
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Definition
-function -durability -maintainablity -safety & health -cost |
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Term
within function as part of the selection process, what are some of the things to consider? |
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Definition
1. *important* acoustical qualities - NRC 2. aethetics 3. availablity (production time, delivery time) (6+ mo.) 4. choice (visual charecteristics) 5. Installation Method (affects cost & schedule) |
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Term
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Definition
Noise Reduction Coefficient, very important consideration, the lower the cofficient the more noisy it is |
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Term
within durability as part of the selection process, what are some of the things to consider? |
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Definition
*Consultation of ASTM, ANSI standards 1. Abrasion Resistance 2. Attachment 3. blocking resistance 4. breaking strength 5. chemical resistance 6. coating adheasion 7. cold cracking 8. colorfastness 9. corrosion resistance 10. crocking resistance 11. fabrication quality 12. heat-aging resistance 13. light fastness 14. scrubability 15. shrinkage 16. stain resistance 17. strength/structure 18. tear resistance/strength 19. washability |
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Term
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Definition
Resist wear, maintain appearance, durability criteria |
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Term
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Definition
durability criteria, way in which material is connected to another |
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Term
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Definition
durability criteria, capablity to reisit adheadsion or sticking between 2 surfaces of a WALL COVERING |
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Term
Name some charecteristics of selection criteria that most have to do with specific selections |
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Definition
WALLCOVERING (& Paint) 1. blocking resistance 2. heat aging resistance 3. resilience WINDOW TREATMENTS 1. Crocking resistance MILLWORK 1. fabrication quality FABRIC 1. breaking strength 2. shrinkage 3. tear resistance/strength 4. resilience (soft floor covering) FLOORING 1. breaking strenght (tile) BEDDING 1. Flammability DOOR HARDWARE, GLAZING, DOORS 1. Security |
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Term
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Definition
load that is great enough to break the material |
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Term
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Definition
resistance to damage, change of finish resulting in the exposure to chemicals |
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Term
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Definition
ability of a thin coating to adhere to a substrate |
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Term
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Definition
resistance of coated or decorative surfaces to cracking when exposed to low temps |
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Term
colorfastness / light fastness |
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Definition
resistnce to finish change, loss of color when exposed to light (ultraviolet/sun) |
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Term
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Definition
resists the transfer of color from a wall surface when rubbed |
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Term
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Definition
measure of how well a product is assembled in a factory |
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Term
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Definition
wall coverings resistance to deterioration due to heat exposure |
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Term
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Definition
be cleaned repeatedly with a brush & detergent |
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Term
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Definition
dimensional decrease when exposed to moisture |
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Term
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Definition
resistance change in appearance after appplication and removal of another material. CONSULT MFGR LITERATURE |
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Term
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Definition
INHERENT ABILITY to withstand loads placed on it. (support to withstanding wind loads) |
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Term
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Definition
resitance of a thin material to the progagation of an existing tear |
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Term
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Definition
ability to be cleaned with a sponge and detergent, removal of surface dirt |
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Term
name some componets of selecting m, f & f regarding maintainablity |
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Definition
1. cleanability -ease of cleaning 2. repairability - ease of repairing 3. resilience- recover to orginal shape & size after deformation 4. self healing 5. sustainablity - cradle to cradle |
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Term
name some componets of selecting m, f & f regarding safety |
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Definition
1. finish safety 2. flammability 3. mold & mildew 4. outgassing (VOC's, CFC's, etc) 5. Slip resistance 6. VOC's |
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Term
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Definition
no sharp edges or projections |
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Term
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Definition
ASTM E84 Steiner Tunnel Test flame spread, smoke developed, and fuel combusted |
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Term
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Definition
Flooring Radient Panel Test carpet - Class 1 or Class 2 rating Class 1 - corridors/exits of hosptials, nursing & detention. Class 2 exits of other occupancies except 1/2 family dwellings measures flame spread higher the number, the more resistant same as NFPA 253 |
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Term
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Definition
Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density Smoke Generated by Solid Materials (SMOKE BY SOLID MATERIALS) MEASURES THE SMOKE GIVEN OFF BY FLAMING or smoldering material or finish most codes require > or =450 same as NFPA 258 |
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Term
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Definition
Test for Ignition Charecteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials or meth pill test Carpet. DOC FF-1 |
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Term
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Definition
Corner Room Test (may be required instead of E84 Stiener Tunnel) determined the contributuion of interior walll and ceiing coverings to room fire growth. textile wall covering pass or fail rating |
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Term
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Definition
Standard Methods of Fire Tests for EValuationg Contribution of Wall & Ceiling Finish to Room Fire Growth. addersss concerns iwth finishes that do not remain in place during testing of E84. ALL MATERIALS OTHER THAN TEXTILES. evalutes what extent to finishes contributing to fire growth |
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Term
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Definition
Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propogation of Textiles and Films WINDOW TREATMETNS pass or fail |
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Term
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Definition
protection against theft, vandelism, harm. |
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Term
factors of cost when selecting m, f, f |
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Definition
first cost and life cycle cost |
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Term
name some good resources for comparing materials |
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Definition
best - sweets (in CSI masterformat) merchandise mart showrooms |
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Term
what are the some of the resources for testing and selection STANDARDS |
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Definition
ASTM ANSI CSA (Canada) entire collections of standards may be purchased, otherwise brief info |
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Term
why is it important to document the evaluation and selection process? |
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Definition
1. required for client review 2. back up infor for billing 3. guard against claims of negligience |
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Term
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Definition
the failure to use the care ordinarliy exercised in similar cases by other qualified members & failure to use reasonable dilegence and best professional judgement |
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Term
what governing body is responsible for FF & E contracts? |
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Definition
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Term
advantages/disadvantages of ready made furniture |
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Definition
dis: 1. limited but often still good variety of product adv: 1. can physically look at/touch piece, confirm appropriateness 2. knowing its cost 3. guarentees 4. ability to judge quality on finished piece |
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Term
advantages/disadvantages of custom designed furniture |
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Definition
adv: 1. ID can get exactly what want
dis: 1. piece must be correctly designed, mfgred 2. responsibilty of overall quality 3. time investment 4. cost |
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Term
advantages/disadvantages of built in furniture |
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Definition
adv: 1. more efficient use of space
dis: 1. less flexible than others 2. more difficult to change |
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Term
what is appropriate to look at when selecting seating |
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Definition
use, comfort, adaptable to a wide range of body types/sizes, strong, durable finish -must be appropriate for the function -must be appropriate for the concept |
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Term
what is appropriate to look at when selecting a table |
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Definition
1. accurate dimensions for the function 2. sturdy support 3. durable surface 4. color & texture that will giv ethe correct light reflectivity for the visual task performed 5. plan enough space in certain situations (i.e., dining, conference) |
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Term
what is an appropriate space for 1 person at a dining or conference table so they are not crowded? |
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Definition
24-30" 24" seems to be good for dining |
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Term
name some common types of tables |
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Definition
dining, conference, work surface and occasional |
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Term
name some common types of tables |
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Definition
dining, conference, work surface and occasional |
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Term
what are the components of a workstation? |
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Definition
work surface & storage, with a possible attached return at a lower height for a keyboard -may have a seperate credenza and file cabinet, bookcase |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
types and size of items to be stored, location of storage, how oftenr stored items to be accessed, and desired visibility |
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Term
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Definition
mattress, supporting framework |
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Term
name some types of supporting framework for a bed |
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Definition
headboard, footboard, bedposts |
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Term
name some alternative sleeping furniture |
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Definition
floor pads, water beds, bunk beds, trundle beds, sofa beds murphy bed; canopies, built in lighting |
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Term
name the 3 basic varieties of systems furniture |
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Definition
1. freestanding panels and furniture 2. various panel lengths & heights with a linke to support work surface and storage units 3. L or U shaped workstation that include worksurface, storage, etc. *storage portion of this type is usually high enough to act as a barrier
2 & 3 usually contain taks and sometimes ambient lighting |
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Term
what are some of the criteria for furniture selection? |
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Definition
-piece of furniture -type of peole using it -adjustablity -finish requirements -durability -comfort -sized correctly -safety -ease of use -aethetics -quality -cost -maitenence -anticipate replacement time -finish -life cycle & initial costs |
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Term
if someone is going to sit in a chair for long periods of time, what is a criteria that should be considered when selecting a chair? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
2 types of natural fibers |
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Definition
cellulosic (plant) and protein (animal) |
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Term
charecteristics & uses of wool |
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Definition
-one of the best fibers for all fabrics -great for carpet -fiber weak but yarn excellent resilience -excellent elasticity -resistant to soil -easily cleanable -will burn when exposed to flame, but self extinquishing dis: -expensive -can be stretched (not dimensionally stable) |
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Term
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Definition
drapery, upholstry, carpet |
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Term
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Definition
-comes formt he seed heairs of the plant -relatively inexpensive -good tensile strength -moderate good abrasion resistnace -poor resiliance -poor recovery properties -degrades under prolonged sun exposure -burns readily -subject to mildew |
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Term
linen charecteristics & uses |
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Definition
-made from fibers of flax plant -BAST FIBER -seldom used for upholstry because -lacks resilliance -lacks flexibility -susptable to abrasion -does not take printed dyes well -most is tow linen, made from short fibers of plant (which makes them dimensionally stable & resistant to fading) -good for draperies & wallcoverings |
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Term
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Definition
derived from a stalk of a plant -jute, ramie, & hemp |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
silk uses & charecteristics |
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Definition
-silkworm larve (cocoon) -good reslience & flexibility -high luster -very expensive -degrades in sunlight |
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Term
rayon uses & charecteristics |
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Definition
FINISH THIS -regenerated celluolisc fiber |
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Term
what are some of the charecteristics of rayon |
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Definition
cellulosic fiber. appears it comes from wood? -poor resilience -poor resistance to sunlight -high absorbancy -resistance to water & moisture - flammable -SELDOM USED FOR UPHOLSTRY |
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Term
charecteristics/uses of acetate |
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Definition
-regenerated cellulosic fiber, acetic acid, & other chemicals -low cost -flammable -does not wear well (like rayon) -in inital state, poor sunlight resistance -triacetate is a variation, with a higher ratio of acetate that improves againg, flammability and resistance to sunlight |
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Term
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Definition
-ONE OF MOST POPULAR SYN. FIBERS -expetionally strong - high resliency -high elasticity -resistance to many chemicals -resistance to water -resistance to microorganisms (germs) -usually combined with other syn's or naturals to obtain superior advantages of both |
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Term
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Definition
-often used to replace WOOL because of its appearance - moderate/good strenght -moderate/good resiliance - resistant to sunlight - can be flammable |
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Term
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Definition
- moderate/good strenght -moderate/good resiliance - resistant to sunlight - OFTEN USED AS OPPOSED TO ACRYLICS because its greater resistance to heat and flame |
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Term
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Definition
untwisted bundle of continious fibers, modacrylic is one, flax, hemp, jute |
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Term
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Definition
fibers that are held together through a cross fiber. like wool |
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Term
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Definition
-cheap -high resistant to chemicals, mildew & microorganisms -nonabsorbant -low resistance to sunlight -low resistance to flame -low resistance to heat -commonly used in carpet & carpet backing |
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Term
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Definition
-desirable -good resliance -good elasticity -high resistance to solvents -good sunlight resistance -undesirable burning properties -can be treated to make it flame resistant -absorbs & holds oily materials |
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Term
name some speciality fibers |
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Definition
Avora, Crypton, Gore these fibers developed by mfgrs to meet specific needs |
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Term
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Definition
polyester yarn uses modified polymer to is permently flame resistant. easty to clean, abrasion resistant, crease proof, dimensionally stable, and do not treatin ordders or support bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
specialty fabric - a FIBER - polyester yarn, permanently flame resistant regardless of wear or washings. easty t clean, abrasioin resistant, crease proof, dimesionally stable, does not retain odors & bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
speciality fabric, a FABRIC, made by a process of immersion in a chemical solution followed by a heat set to form a durable coating ON THE FACE. then given a polyurethane spray on back. is stain, water, flame and bacteria resistant. is available in a variety of construction, upholstery, wallcoverings, bedspreads, shower curtains. GOOD FOR HEALTHCARE FACILITIES where durability and fire resistance are important. |
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Term
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Definition
Gore seating protection is an upholstry fabric lamination and treatment process that APPLIES a breathable moisture barrier to the BACK of a fabric and a TOPICAL coating to the front of the fabric. |
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Term
when selecting a fabric, what are some of the factors |
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Definition
function, aethetic, cost, availablity |
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Term
what are some of the criteria for selecting a fabric? |
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Definition
durability, flammability, dimensional stability, maitenence, appearance, scale, comfort, touch |
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Term
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Definition
resistance to abrasion, fading, staining, abuse, and cleanability. most important: RESISTANT TO ABRASION |
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Term
how is abrasion resistance determined? |
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Definition
type of fiber, how the yarn is made & applied to the piece, the fabric's backing, and the undercusion |
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Term
how is the best durability acheived? |
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Definition
use of strong, smooth fibers like nylon or wool, having the yarn tightly twisted, specifying heavy or thick fabrics, using close set weaves, employing relatively soft undercushions for the fabric to flex |
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Term
where is flammability considerations most important |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
-some inherently retardent -some treated with chemicals -many states and fed agencies have standards |
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Term
what is a bad flame retardant? |
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Definition
Poly-brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE's) due to health concerns |
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Term
what fibers are self extinguishing when put then removed from a flame? what fibers do not? |
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Definition
wool & nylon - extinquish cotton & olefin - don't extinquish |
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Term
fabrics that are most to least resistant of fire |
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Definition
-wool -silk -modacrylic -nylon -olefin -polyester -acrylic -acetate -cellulosic fibers (cotton, linen, rayon) |
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Term
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Definition
FABRIC'S ability to retain shape and fit over cushioning without sagging, wrinkling, stretching, or tearing. -fabric should be able to retain it's original shape without after being deformed by use. CRITICAL THAT A FABRIC AND CUSHION BE MATCHED. |
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Term
what can cause a problem with a fabric and cushion |
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Definition
-they must coordinate in dimensional stability so that they can resist problems |
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Term
what can happen if a fabric is applied over a larger cushion |
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Definition
it can stretch or slip. this is resolved through attaching the fabric by buttoning, tufting, or channeling |
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Term
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Definition
secures fabric to the cushion -buttoning: lightly tensioned button & thread -tufting: pulled tightly resulting in a deeply folded surface |
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Term
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Definition
secures fabric to the cushion in parallel rows |
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Term
what are the primary factors for appearance when selecting a fabric |
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Definition
that it coordinates with the furniture and the space around it |
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|
Term
how can fabrics and cushioning affect the comfort of furniture? |
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Definition
breathablity, resiliance, surface texture, finish |
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|
Term
which is more comfortable, rough or smooth fabrics? |
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Definition
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|
Term
what type of fabric can make it difficult to slide into seating? |
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Definition
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|
Term
what does choice of cushioning and seaming affect on furniture |
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Definition
comfort, wearablity, flammability |
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|
Term
name some cushioning materials |
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Definition
cotton batting, poly-ester batting, polyurethane foam, latex foam, rubberized fibers, shredded fibers |
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Term
how is cushioning supported |
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Definition
either stand alone, coiled or sinuous spring support |
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|
Term
what type of cushioning poses a high flammibility |
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Definition
untreated cellular plastic cushioning: polyurethane, polystyrene, polythylene, polypropylene, PVC and ABS, cellulose acetate, epoxy, phenolic, urea, silicone, foamed latex |
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|
Term
what time of batting has fire resistance issues |
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Definition
cotton batting with cigerette ignition |
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|
Term
what is a good choice for cushioning where flammability resistance is a concern? |
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Definition
polyester batting over cotton batting |
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|
Term
list in order the padding types that are most to least resistant to small flame and cigarette |
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Definition
neoprene, combustion modified polyurehtane -polyester batting -smolder & flame resistant polyurethane foam -smolder-resistant and flame resistant cellulosic batting -mixed fiber batting -untreated polyurethane foam -cellulosic batting -latex foam (rarely used) |
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Term
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Definition
aka cigarette ignition resistance -affected by combo of fabric, cushioning, and seating construction -hazards are increased if tufting or decroative treatment is used due to lodging |
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|
Term
what type of cording should be avoided when smoldering is an issue? |
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Definition
welting and similar seaming |
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Term
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Definition
application of fabric to furntirue so that there are no intermediate seem details. also used when vertical stripes on a fabric must run horizontally |
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Term
what is the appropriate way to specify seating when considering smoldering? |
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Definition
specify backs and seats are seperated by at least 1 inch to avoid lodging |
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|
Term
how can the upholstery safety be enhanced? |
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Definition
-treating for flammabilty with cushions with a chemical -add liners to provide a barrier that slows or inhibits the spread of heat and flame from fabric to the cushion |
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|
Term
what types of batting can be chemically treated to increase their resistance to flame spread? |
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Definition
-cotton batting & polyurethane foam |
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|
Term
name the 3 performance criteria needed for comfort and wearabilty in cushioning |
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Definition
density, ILD, support ratio |
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Term
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Definition
mass per volume of a cushion, expressed as lbm/ft3. the greater the density, the greater the support and cost. note, high density foam does not necessarily provide a firm cushion |
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Term
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Definition
flexible polyurethane foam -used in cushioning -density ranges from .8 lbm/ft3 to 6.0 lbm/ft3 |
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|
Term
what is the range for fom density in a cushion |
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Definition
0.9 lbm/ft3 to 2.5 lbm/ft3 |
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Term
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Definition
INDENTATION LOAD DEFLECTION aka INDENTATION FORCE DEFLECTION -determined by a metal plant with an 8" diameter pushed against a 4" thick foam. the no. of lbps required to compress the foam down 1" (or 25%) is the ILD rating -higher ILD rating means a firmer foam |
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|
Term
what does an ILD rating of 35lbm mean? |
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Definition
35lbm were required to compress the foam sample 25% of its height |
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|
Term
what ILD rating is considered a soft foam? a firm foam?K |
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Definition
soft - less then 25 - firm, greater than 50 |
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Term
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Definition
aka support factor aka compression modulus -ratio required to compress a foam sample to 65% of its original thickness to the force required to compress a sample to 25% of its original thickness -the higher the support facor is, the beatter the foam's abilty to support weight |
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|
Term
what is a good support ratio for firm seating (institutional, healthcare, assembly) |
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Definition
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|
Term
what support ratio should be used for moderate firmness for light to medium use seating |
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Definition
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|
Term
what support ratio should be used for backs of chairs and booths? |
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Definition
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|
Term
how does cushioning affect wearability? |
|
Definition
firm cushions - better support, usually more appropriate -soft undercushioning permits fabric to give and resists grinding action of normal use |
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|
Term
how is fabric abraded (rubbed away)avoided when concerned with wearability |
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Definition
pulled tightly over sharp corners or welts |
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|
Term
charecteristics of flammability |
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Definition
- resistance to ignition, flame spread, smoke development, heat prevention, contribution to a fire, prevention of toxic gas release |
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Term
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Definition
flooring radiant panel test floor finishes -carpet, resilient floors, floor coverings in corridors |
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Term
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Definition
is a type of flooring which is designed to be durable, resistant to stains and water, and comfortable to stand and work on. |
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Term
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Definition
methenamine pill test floor finishes -carpets and rugs |
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Term
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Definition
wall floor and ceiling assembly test flooring/ceiing construction -fire ratings of walls, structures & floors assmeblies |
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Term
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Definition
steiner tunnel test flame srpead rating of finishes wall finishes ceilings |
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Term
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Definition
room corner test wall finishes contribution to wall fire growth full mock up |
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Term
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Definition
smoke density chamber test -wall finishes -smoke developed from flamming and nonflamming materials |
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Term
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Definition
wall floor and ceiling assembly test wall construction |
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Term
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Definition
endurance test of doors to flame and heat transfer fire tests of door assemblies |
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Term
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Definition
endurance of glazing for 45 minutes to flame & heat transfer fire tests window assemblies |
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Term
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Definition
cigarette ignition resistiance furntiure & components - fabric & fillings |
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Term
|
Definition
cigarette ignition resistiance furntiure & components - mockup - seat cushion and liner and fabrics |
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Term
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Definition
cigarette ignition resistiance furntiure & components - full seat test - sample chair tested |
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|
Term
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Definition
NFPA 701 draperies, cushions & window treatments 2 test procedures tests flame spread 1 tests for lighter fabrics 1 test for heavier fabrics that are used in lining, etc. -equivilant to UL 214 |
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|
Term
cigarette ignition resistance test of furniture components |
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Definition
NFPA 260 CAL TB 117 resistance of upholstered furniture compentents and seperately to flame ignition fill materials |
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|
Term
cigarette ignition resistance test of furniture composites |
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Definition
NFPA 261 CAL TB 116 resistance of upholstered furniture compentents and seperately to flame ignition full furniture assmebly |
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|
Term
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Definition
NFPA 266 CAL TB 133 fire charecteristics of upholstered furniture eposed to a flame ignition source -evaluates open flame on a chair rate of heat release (intensity of fire generated) |
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Term
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Definition
material remaining from incomplete combustion |
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|
Term
|
Definition
property of a material or assembly to withstand fire or give protection from it |
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Term
|
Definition
capable of burning with a flame, subject to easy ignition and rapid flaming combustion |
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Term
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Definition
withstnd flame or give protection from it |
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Term
|
Definition
ONLY USED AS A MODIFIER as a treamtent *should not be used unless describing a chemical for that purpose |
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Term
|
Definition
combustion without flame, generate smoke, toxic gases and heat |
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Term
|
Definition
American society of textile chemists and colorists |
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|
Term
|
Definition
chemical fabrics and film association |
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|
Term
Wyzenbeck abrasion resistance test |
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Definition
ASTM D4157 / CFFA-1 tests abrasion resistance of woven textiles fabric rubbed back and forth |
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|
Term
how many double rubs for a good fabric? for light duty? meduim duty? heavy duty? |
|
Definition
15,000 good -light 3,000 -medium 9000 heavy 15,000 |
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|
Term
|
Definition
ASTM D3884 abrasion resistance of textiles, carpet rubs of 2 wheels then breakage reports no. of revolutions to breakage |
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Term
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Definition
ASTM D4966 -tests textile fabrics with a low pile -similar to wyzenbeck |
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Term
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Definition
AATCC 16 color fastness, light exposure 6 test options with continious light lamp to xenon color of exposed fabric compared to initial sample min 80 exposure hours |
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Definition
AATCC 8 -resistance of a colored textile to transifer its color to other surfaces by rubbing |
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Term
tearing strength test, tongue method |
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Definition
ASTM D2261 tearing resistance to fabrics after initial ccut has been made in the fabric testing by tearing apperatuces |
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Term
bacterial resistance test |
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Definition
AATCC 147 tests bacteria activity on textile fabric placed in contact with bacteria |
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Term
name some additional test methods used for wearability |
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Definition
fungus resistance, cold crack resistance, flex resistance, seam strength, shirange, water vapor transmittion |
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Definition
Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers of America -develops test standards for commerical furniture called ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-X5.6 |
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Term
when communicating f, f, m to a client, what kind of back up support should you use? |
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Definition
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