Term
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Definition
| A light harvesting complex in the chloroplast thylakoid composed of pigments and proteins |
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Term
| Antenna (light harvesting) Complex |
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Definition
| in photosynthesis, a group of different molecules that cooperate to absorb light energy and transfer it to a rxn center |
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Term
Carbon-Fixation Reactions
(Calvin Cycle |
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Definition
| the phase of photosynthesis in which chemical energy captured in the light rxns is used to drive the reduction of CO2 to form carbohydrates |
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Term
Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate
G3P |
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Definition
| a phosphorylated 3-Carbon sugar; an intermediate in glycolysis and photosynthetic carbon fixation |
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Term
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Definition
| what most of the energy-releasign rxns in the cell produce |
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Term
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Definition
| a structure between photosystems II and I that pumps protons to make a concentration gradient and synthesize ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| any of the several green pigments associated with chloroplasts or with certain bacterial membranes; responsible for trapping light energy for photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
a flattened sac within a chloroplast; contain all the chlorophyll in a plant in addition to the electron carriers of photophosphorylation
*stacks=granum |
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Term
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Definition
| 5-Carbon molecule that is the starting and ending material of the Calvin Cycle; acts as the acceptor molecule during carbon-fixation (CO2+RuBP) |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of electron transfer proteins that recieve energy from light-absorbing pigments and convert it to chemical energy by redox reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| the initial phase of photosynthesis, in which light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and reduced electron carrier NADPH |
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Term
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Definition
| an integral membrane protein that couples the transport of protons with the formation of ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| formation of ATP in mitochondria and chloroplasts, resulting from a pumping of protons across a membrane (against a gradient of electrical charge of pH) followed by the return of the protons through a protein channel with ATP synthase activity |
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Term
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Definition
| the fluid contents of an organelle such as chloroplast or mitochondria |
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Term
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Definition
| a molecule capable of accepting one (or more than one) electrons from another molecule; used to transport the electrons along the ETC |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that absorbs visible light |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of protein electron carriers that pass electron from one to another via redox rxns in the thylakoid/inner membrane of chloroplast and mitochondria |
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Term
3-Phosphoglycerate
(3PG/3-PGA) |
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Definition
| the first stable made molecule in the Calvin Cycle formed from carbon fixation (CO2+RuBP) |
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Term
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Definition
| during the Calvin Cycle, the product, 5 G3P molecules, combine with 3 molecules of ATP to make the starting product in order to start the cycle again |
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Term
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Definition
| contraction of ribulose biphosphate caboxylase/oxygenase, the enzyme that combines with carbon dioxide or oxygen with ribulose biphosphate to catalyze the first step of photosynthetic carbon fixation or photorespiration, respectively |
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Term
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Definition
anabolic process by which energy of sunlight is captured and used to convert CO2 and H2O into carbohydrates and O2
*ENDERGONIC |
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Term
| Carbon Fixation Reactions |
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Definition
| don't use light directly, but use ATP and NADPH and CO2 to produce carbohydrates |
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Term
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Definition
| complex that absorbs light at 700 nm passing electrons to ferrodoxin and to NADPH |
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Term
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Definition
| complex that absorbs light at 680 nm, passing electrons to ETC in the chloroplast |
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Term
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Definition
gain of one or more electrons by an atom, ion, or molecule
*ALWAYS occurs with oxidation |
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Term
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Definition
loss of one or more electrons
*ALWAYS occurs with reduction |
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Term
| During chemiosmosis, the synthesis of ATP is coupled with which event? |
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Definition
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Term
| During CO2 fixation of the Calvin Cycle, what does CO2 combine with? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which molecule is directly responsible for the reduction of 3-PGA to G3P? |
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Definition
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Term
| In plants, where are glucose and other 6C sugars synthesized? |
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Definition
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