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The process of monomers joining to form polymers
monomer+monomer= Polymer |
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| An atom/small molecule used to make polymers |
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| Combination of substances in which individual components retain their own properties, or aren't distributed evenly |
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| Compounds containing carbon |
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Monomers of carbohydrates
Simple sugar
EX: Isomers glucose & fructose (C6-H12-O6) |
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| Monomer of a nucleic acid |
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Solute+solvent= Solution!
(sugar)(water) (sugar water)
Evenly distributed & dissolved |
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Smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element
Basic building block of all matter |
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Positive charge
Inside of nucleus of atom
# of Protons in nucleus= # of neutrons in nucleus EXCEPT in isotopes |
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Neutral charge
In an isotope, the number of neutrons does not = the number of protons in the nucleus |
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Negative (-) charge
circles around nucleus of an atom
used to form covalent & ionic bonds
Energy levels: 2, 8, 18, (in 1st 3) |
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Formed when two or more elements combine
Can be broken down
EX: H2-O (hydrogen AND oxygen) |
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Group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
Has no charge (as opposed to ions) |
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| Same element, different # of neutrons, more unstable |
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Bond between two atoms formed when one electron is GIVEN to another atom to obtain more stable (complete) energy levels
EX: Sodium Chloride |
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Bond between two atoms formed when electrons are SHARED to achieve greater stability
EX: HYDROGEN-2 (each hydrogen atom has 1 electron; they share so they can complete the first energy level (2 electrons)
covAlent = shAred |
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| Dehydration Synthesis/Condensation |
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| In a polymer, a monomer replaces water to build it up (opposite of hydrolysis) |
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| Hydrolysis (hi-DRAWL-uh-sis) |
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| In a polymer; water replaces a monomer- breaking the polymer down |
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0-6.9 on pH scale
forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water
EX: Lemons |
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7.1-14 on pH scale
forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water
EX: Drain cleaner |
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-Polymer
-its monomers are monosaccharides
-function: provide energy
EX: Glucose, fructose, starch(glycogen) |
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-Polymer
-Its monomers are amino acids
-Function: structural cell parts, hormones, ENZYMES
EX: Hemoglobin, meat |
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-Polymer
-its monomers are fatty acids & glycerol
-Function: part of cell membrane, insulation, energy storage
EX: oils, fats, |
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-Polymer
-its monomers are nucleotides
-Function: hereditary info., info. for cell, metabolism
EX: DNA, RNA |
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| ALL processes in a cell in every organelle's function |
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