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5th Grade Science
Chapter 3 - Human Body Systems KEY TERMS
47
Science
5th Grade
10/01/2011

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Term
skeletal system
Definition
bones that give support and shape to body
Term
nervous system
Definition
brain, spinal cord, and nerves that carry messages and controls senses
Term
muscular system
Definition
muscles that are attached to and move bones
Term
integumentary system
Definition
skin, hair, and nails that help protect from injury and infection
Term
immune system
Definition
protects and fights against disease, illness, and helps heal injuries
Term
endocrine system
Definition
produces chemicals that regulate and control body functions
Term
reproductive system
Definition
produces offspring
Term
digestive system
Definition
turns food into nutrients
Term
excretory system
Definition
moves waste materials out of the body
Term
respiratory system
Definition
carries oxygen into lungs, where it is transferred into the blood as well as removes carbon dioxide
Term
circulatory system
Definition
uses blood and blood vessels to move oxygen and nutrients to the cells
Term
digestion
Definition
the breaking down of food into smaller and smaller substances to be absorbed by body
Term
saliva
Definition
fluid that helps moisten and soften bolus
Term
bolus
Definition
chewed up ball of food
Term
pharynx
Definition
portion of throat that connects mouth to digestive tube
Term
esophagus
Definition
long, muscular tube lined with mucus
Term
stomach
Definition
digestive organ that squeezes food and mixes it with acidic juices
Term
small intestine
Definition
coiled, tubular organ connected to stomach where most nutrients are absorbed
Term
villi
Definition
numerous small bumps lining the inside of the small intestine
Term
large intestine
Definition
thick, tubular organ that removes undigested waste
Term
colon
Definition
widest part of the large intestine
Term
peristalsis
Definition
wave-like motion that pushes food through the esophagus into the stomach
Term
inhale
Definition
breathe in as diaphragm moves downward
Term
exhale
Definition
breathe out as diaphragm relaxes upward
Term
lungs
Definition
organs that fill with air and where exchange of gasses take place
Term
diaphragm
Definition
large, flat sheet of muscle that controls breathing
Term
capillary
Definition
tiny blood vessel
Term
trachea
Definition
strong tube that divides into two branches into lungs
Term
alveoli
Definition
small, thin sacs at the end of each bronchus where gas exchange occurs
Term
bronchi
Definition
branches of trachea inside of each lung
Term
heart
Definition
muscular organ that pumps blood throughout body
Term
artery
Definition
blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
Term
vein
Definition
blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart
Term
valve
Definition
stopgate that makes sure blood does not flow back in wrong direction
Term
plasma
Definition
yellowish-clear liquid that makes up majority of blood and carries nutrients
Term
red blood cells
Definition
blood cells that carry oxygen and carbon dioxied
Term
white blood cells
Definition
blood cells that fight germs
Term
platelets
Definition
blood cells that clump together to stop bleeding
Term
urinary system
Definition
system specifically using kidneys, bladder, and urinary tract
Term
kidneys
Definition
bean-shaped organs that filter waste out of blood
Term
urine
Definition
liquid consisting of waste and excess water
Term
liver
Definition
organ that breaks down toxins in the blood
Term
nephron
Definition
structure in kidney that separates waste from useful material in the blood
Term
bladder
Definition
organ that temporarily stores urine
Term
dialysis
Definition
treatment that filters blood for those with kidney problems
Term
donor
Definition
person who gives blood
Term
recipient
Definition
person who receives blood
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