Term
| What are the 3 layers of skin? |
|
Definition
-epidermis
-dermis
-subcutaneous |
|
|
Term
| What occurs in the epidermis? |
|
Definition
-dead skin cells shed
-melanin and keratin formed |
|
|
Term
| What is contained in the dermis? |
|
Definition
-blood vessels
-nerves
-connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the subcutaneous layer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of skin? |
|
Definition
-protection
-temperature control
-perception
-wound repair
-Vitamin D production
-absorption
-secretion |
|
|
Term
| What is secreted by the skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characteristics of the lesion are assessed? |
|
Definition
-location
-size
-shape
-color
-discharge
-pruritis
-pain
-progression |
|
|
Term
| What are pertinent CHH/RF hx for skin? |
|
Definition
-sunscreen
-hygiene
-sharing bed
-towels
-environment |
|
|
Term
| If the skin drops down in < 2 sec, dehydration is ___?___%. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is included in the inspection of the individual lesion? |
|
Definition
-identify primary lesions
-identify secondary changes
-arrangement
-extent
-distribution
-color |
|
|
Term
| What is included in the inspection of the rest of the body? |
|
Definition
-changes in the rest of the skin, nails, scalp, and oral mucosa
-systemic s/s |
|
|
Term
| What are examination techniques? |
|
Definition
-methodically: section by section
-pt undressed, loose fitting gown
-close and far
-magnifying device
-well lighted |
|
|
Term
| primary lesion definition |
|
Definition
| initial spontaneous manifestation of an underlying pathologic process |
|
|
Term
| secondary lesion definition |
|
Definition
| result from later evolution of or external trauma to a primary lesion |
|
|
Term
| What characterizes a macule? |
|
Definition
-flat
-nonpalpable
-circumscribed
- < 1 cm
-red, brown, white, tan |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of macules? |
|
Definition
-freckles
-flat moles
-rubella
-rubeola |
|
|
Term
| What characterizes a papule? |
|
Definition
-elevated
-palpable
-firm
-circumscribed
- < 1cm
-red, pink, brown, tan |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of papules? |
|
Definition
-warts
-drug-related eruptions
-pigmented nevi |
|
|
Term
| What characterizes a plaque? |
|
Definition
-palpable flat lesion
- > 0.5 cm
-elevated or thickened
-well- or ill-defined borders |
|
|
Term
| What characterizes a nodule? |
|
Definition
-enlargement of a papule in 3D
-solid |
|
|
Term
| What characterizes a vesicle? |
|
Definition
-elevated
-circumscribed
-filled with serous fluid |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of vesicles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characterize pustules? |
|
Definition
-elevated
-filled with purulent fluid |
|
|
Term
| What is an examples of pustules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characterizes wheal or hives? |
|
Definition
-elevated
-irregular-shaped area
-cutaneous edema |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of wheals or hives? |
|
Definition
-urticaria: numerous wheals
-insect bites |
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of urticaria? |
|
Definition
-swollen pale red bumps (wheals)
-itching, burning, or stinging
-anywhere on the body
-vary in size
-join together to form plaques
-last for hours to a day |
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of purpura? |
|
Definition
-bleeding into the skin as petechiae or eccymoses
-doesn't blanch
-diffuse discrete and confluent
-purple
-1-3 mm
-macules |
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of petechiae? |
|
Definition
-form of purpura
-small
-red, purple, brown |
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of burrows? |
|
Definition
-tiny gray irregular tracks
-fingers, wrists, armpits, buttocks, penis, feet |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of burrows? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are types of secondary lesions? |
|
Definition
-scales
-crusts
-erosions and ulcers
-fissures
-atrophy
-scars
-excoriation
-lichenification
-telangiectasia |
|
|
Term
| What is scaling or hyperkeratosis? |
|
Definition
| increase in dead cells on the surface of the skin (stratum corneum) |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of when desquamation may occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an erosion or ulcer? |
|
Definition
-loss of the surface of a lesions
-shallow
-moist or crusted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-thin crack within epidermis or epithelium
-caused by excessive dryness |
|
|
Term
| What causes a hypertrophic scar? |
|
Definition
| tension on a healing wound makes the healing area thicker than usual |
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of keloid? |
|
Definition
-elevated
-irregularly shaped
-progressively enlarging scar beyond boundaries of wound
-rarely on face
-rarely cross midline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive collagen formation during healing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are treatments for lichenification? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes telangiectasia? |
|
Definition
| dilation of underlying capillaries |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of rash distributions? |
|
Definition
-sun exposed
-flexural
-acneform
-acrodermatitis
-pyriasis rosea
-clothing covered |
|
|
Term
| What is flexural distribution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are examples of sun exposed distribution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are examples of flexural distribution? |
|
Definition
-eczema
-atopic dermatitis
-candidiasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an examples of acrodermatitis? |
|
Definition
| desquamation after syphilis |
|
|
Term
| What is pityriasis rosea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of pityriasis rosea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are examples of clothing covered rash? |
|
Definition
-contact dermatitis: new, unwashed clothes
-folliculitis: heat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of acneform? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is tinea versicolor? |
|
Definition
-yeast
-radially spreading round macules
-hyper- or hypopigmented: pale, pink, or brown
-upper chest, back, arms
-peaks in summer |
|
|
Term
| What is annular organization of lesions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is herpetiform distribution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is arciform distribution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is serpiginous distribution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are examples of annular distribution? |
|
Definition
-tinea corporis
-granuloma annulare
-lupus
-atopic dermatitis
-lupus
-atopic dermatitis
-erythema annulare centrificum |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of linear distribution? |
|
Definition
-epidermal nevi
-lichen striatus
-contact dermatitis
-warts
-ichthyosis
-psoriasis |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of dermatomal distribution? |
|
Definition
-herpes zoster
-vitiligo
-nevus depigmentosus
-Becker's nevus
-cafe au lait spot
-port wine stain |
|
|
Term
| What causes herpes zoster? |
|
Definition
| activation of latent varicella zoster virus in ganglia and dorsal nerve roots, which become enflamed |
|
|
Term
| What are ocular complications of herpes zoster? |
|
Definition
-keratitis: inflammation of the cornea
-anterior uveitis: inflammation of the iris and ciliary body |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of serpiginous distribution? |
|
Definition
-psoriasis
-erythema marginatum
-cutaneous larvae migrams
-elastosis perforans serpiginosa |
|
|
Term
| What is guttate distribution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is geographic distribution? |
|
Definition
| resembles surface feature of a region |
|
|
Term
| What is gyrate distribution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is imbricated distribution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of discoid distribution? |
|
Definition
-discoid eczema aka discoid/nummular dermatitis
-mostly lower leg |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of guttate distribution? |
|
Definition
guttate psoriasis:
-salmon pink
-fine scales |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of target distribution? |
|
Definition
erythema multiforme:
-middle circle usually raised
-acute, self-limited
-relatively uncommon |
|
|
Term
| Universal distribution involves ___?___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is vegetating distribution? |
|
Definition
| fleshy or warty outgrowths |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-type
-color
-size
-shape
-border
-location
-distribution
-organization
-consistency |
|
|
Term
| What are risk factors for melanoma? |
|
Definition
-50+ common moles
-red or light hair
-light eyes or skin
-positive family hx
-actinic lentigenes: freckles
-heavy sun exposure |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of malignant melanoma? |
|
Definition
A: asymmetry
B: borders irregular
C: color blue, black, or variegated
D: diameter > 6 mm
E: elevated or enlarged |
|
|
Term
| What features are assessed in the nails? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a cause of yellow nails? |
|
Definition
dermatophyte onychomycosis aka ringworm of the nail, tinea unguium
-fungal infection
-thickened, cloudy |
|
|
Term
| What is a cause of black color on all nails? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a cause of a purple/black nail? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are features of paronychia? |
|
Definition
-inflammation of nail fold
-acute or chronic
-incised to release pus
-treated with abx |
|
|
Term
| What are features of clubbing? |
|
Definition
-build up of material under proximal nail bed
-loss of normal oblique angle bw nail and cuticle |
|
|
Term
| What is koilonychia? Causes? |
|
Definition
-spoon shaped nails
-iron deficiency anemia, acitretin treatment |
|
|
Term
| What are causes of brittle nails? |
|
Definition
-low zinc
-low iron
-thyroid problems
-aging |
|
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