Term
| What 5 areas are measured in the Apgar score? |
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Definition
-Appearance: skin color
-Pulse: < or > 100
-Grimace: response to stimuli
-Arm: muscle tone flaccid-flexed
-Respiration: strength of cry |
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Term
| What are the criteria of the Ballard Score? |
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Definition
-skin
-ear and eye
-lanugo
-plantar surface
-breast bud
-genitals |
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Term
| In the Ballard Scale an increase of 5 points increases gestational age by ___?___ |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Ballard Scale, criteria are scored from ___?___ to ___?___ and the resulting total range is ___?___. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
-small for gestational age
- < 10% |
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Term
|
Definition
-large for gestational age
- > 90% |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is an LGA baby at risk for? |
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Definition
-trauma
-asphyxia
-hypoglycemia
-polycythemia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| near-term/late preterm infant definition |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
-low birthweight
- < 2500 g |
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Term
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Definition
-fine, downy hair
-replaced by vellus (peach fuzz) hair at 33-36 weeks |
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Term
|
Definition
-cyanosis of skin around lips, extremities
-normal in newborns |
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Term
| central cyanosis definition |
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Definition
-cyanosis of lips, head, chest
-never normal |
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Term
| Erythema toxicum occurs in ___?___ of neonates. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does erythema toxicum look like, and where does it appear? |
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Definition
-yellow-white papules on erythematous base
-anywhere |
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Term
| How long does erythema toxicum take to resolve? |
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Definition
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Term
| pustular melanosis definition |
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Definition
-benign newborn rash
-pustules, ruptured pustules, scaling, hyperpigmented freckles |
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Term
| What is the timing for pustular melanosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| cafe au lait spots definition |
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Definition
| spots of light brown pigmentation |
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Term
| When might cafe au lait spots indicate neurofibromatosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| port wine stain definition |
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Definition
-vascular lesion
-minimal blanching
-dilated, congested capillaries beneath epidermis
-sharply delineated edges
-doesn't grow
-usually unilateral |
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Term
| What condition must be ruled out when port wine stain on face? |
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Definition
| Sturge-Weber syndrome- trigeminal nerve involvement |
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Term
| What is a common name for nevus flammeus? |
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Definition
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Term
| ___?___ are the most common vascular birthmark, seen in 50% of newborns. |
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Definition
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Term
| capillary hemangioma description |
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Definition
-irregularly bordered pink macule
-composed of distended capillaries
-nape of neck, upper eyelids, bridge of nose (glabella), upper lip |
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|
Term
| Mongolian spot description |
|
Definition
-hyperpigmented macules
-deep blue or purple
-caused by deep infiltration of melanocytes in dermis |
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Term
| What is the prevalence of Mongolian spots? |
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Definition
| 90% of AA, Indian, and Asian newborns |
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Term
| What is molding? When does it usually occur? |
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Definition
-temporary asymmetry of the skull
-prolonged labor |
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Term
| What are the features of a cephalohematoma? |
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Definition
-subperiosteal hemorrhage
-never extends across suture line
-resolves in 6 weeks-several months |
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Term
| What is a risk associated with cephalohematoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are features of caput succedaneum? |
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Definition
-edema or swelling over sagittal suture from the birthing process
-crosses suture line
-resolves quickly |
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Term
| What are features of subconjunctival hemorrhage? |
|
Definition
-rupture of eye capillaries
-in 5% of newborns
-resolves spontaneously |
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Term
| What are features of plagiocephaly? |
|
Definition
-head asymmetry
-from in-utero or sleep position |
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Term
| What are features of natal teeth? |
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Definition
-usually lower incisors
-usually immature caps of enamel and dentine with poor root formation
-may be mobile
-may be encapsulated in tissue |
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Term
| What interventions are needed for natal teeth, and why? |
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Definition
-dental consult for possible extraction
-r/o aspiration |
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Term
| What are features of pre-auricular tags and sinuses? |
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Definition
-common
-usually benign
-may be associated with renal problems, hearing loss, or genetic syndromes |
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Term
| What interventions are needed with preaurical tags and/or sinuses? |
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Definition
-sinuses: ultrasound (communicate with internal ear or brain?)
-repeat hearing test |
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Term
| What are features of a branchial cleft cyst? |
|
Definition
-along sternocleidomastoid muscle
-may communicate with deeper structures |
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Term
| What are features of supernumerary nipples? |
|
Definition
-raised pigmented areas
-vertical and medial to the true nipple/milk line
-uni- or bilateral
-can be associated with renal anomalies, especially in white babies |
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Term
| ___?___ is the most frequent birth injury. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the findings with a fractured clavicle? |
|
Definition
-palpable crepitus
-mass
-tenderness
-asymmetrical Moro reflex |
|
|
Term
| What are healing guidelines for a fractured clavicle? |
|
Definition
-about 2 weeks
-can pin shirtsleeve to shirt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-brachial plexus injury
-damage at level of C-spine 5 & 6
-edema or nerve compression |
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|
Term
| What are findings with Erb's Palsy? |
|
Definition
-arm adducted, extended, and internally rotated with pronation of the forearm
-weak grasp
-paralysis |
|
|
Term
| There is a familial tendency in polydactyly. T/F |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the features of talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)? |
|
Definition
-equinus: limited dorsiflexion;
-varus: inward angulation of forefoot
-adductus: inward angulation of metatarsal bones
-cavus: crease at junction of hindfoot and forefoot |
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|
Term
| Circumcision is contraindicated in ___?___ but may be performed at the time of surgical correction. |
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Definition
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