IPconfig

Displays the current configuration of the installed IP stack on a networked computer using TCP/IP.

ipconfig /all : view additional details about each adapter Can be used to refresh Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS) settings.

Ping

Verifies IP-level connectivity to another TCP/IP device by sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request messages.

A number of switches can accommodate different testing scenarios. Can be used to test IPv4 and IPv6 connectivity.

Tracert

Determines the path taken to a destination by sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request messages to the destination with incrementally increasing Time to Live (TTL) field values.

Used to “trace” a network path from sending to receiving device. Useful if the local device is testing ok but connectivity can’t be established.

NetStat

Displays

• active TCP connections
• ports on which the computer is listening
• Ethernet statistics
• the IP routing table
• IPv4 statistics (for the IP, ICMP, TCP, and UDP protocols)
• IPv6 statistics (for the IPv6, ICMPv6, TCP over IPv6, and UDP over IPv6 protocols)

Used without parameters, netstat displays active TCP connections.

NbtStat

Displays

• NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT) protocol statistics for local and remote computers
• NetBIOS name tables for both the local computer and remote computers
• the NetBIOS name cache

NetBIOS was developed in the 1980s to allow applications to communicate over a network using the session layer of the OSI model.

NetBIOS

• establishes logical names on the network
• establishes sessions between two logical names on the network
• supports reliable data transfer between computers that have established a session

NetBIOS over TCP/IP sends the NetBIOS protocol within TCP and UDP sessions.

PathPing

Combines features of the tools Ping and TraceRt that includes additional information.

PathPing sends packets to each router on the way to a final destination over a period of time, and then computes results based on the packets returned from each hop.

PathPing can show the degree of packet loss at any specified router or link enabling you to pinpoint links that might be causing network problems.

Nslookup

Displays information that you can use to diagnose Domain Name System (DNS).

The Nslookup command-line tool is available only if you have installed the TCP/IP protocol.

You should be familiar with DNS before using this tool.

Netsh

A command-line scripting utility that enables you to display or modify the network configuration of a computer currently running.

Command works on local or remote computers.

Provides a scripting feature that allows you to run a group of commands in batch mode against a specified computer.

Enables you to save a configuration script in a text file for archival purposes or to help you configure other servers.

Route

Displays and modifies the entries in the local IP routing table.

The Route Print command can be used to display routing table for a Windows machine.

This command gives the same result as netstat –r, but it is more commonly used.

The Route command can also be used to add and delete static routes.

Net

Many services use networking commands that begin with the word net.Although not specifically part of the TCP/IP command set, the net command can display various important networking data, and it enables you to configure various networking options such as services.

Telnet

Enables you to communicate with a remote computer that is using the Telnet protocol.

You can run telnet without parameters in order to enter the telnet context, indicated by the Telnet prompt (telnet>).

A network administrator can connect to a remote computer, server, router, or switch by typing

telnet [IPAddress]

Telnet is an older, out-of-date protocol, and as such, it should be replaced with a more secure program such as SSH.

It can also be used for troubleshooting by adding a port number : telnet server01 25