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-series of reactions that release energy as they break down sugars and other substances to CO2 and H2O
-each step catalyzed by enzymes |
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| requires oxygen <-- oxidizing agent that receives electrons from decomposed substrates |
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-doesn't need oxygen
-substrate may be partly decomposed (releasing less energy) or nitrogen/sulfur = substitute for oxygen |
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| C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy |
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-in cytoplasm of cell
-first stage of respiration of [glucose]
-requires 2 ATP
-enzymes partially oxidize glucose & split it into 2 pyruvates & releases energy to form a 4 ATP
-ATP donate phosphate groups to make unstable compound- breaks into 2 3-C compounds
oxidized ^ & electrons released to make NAD+
-in plants- begin differently
-produces 2 ATP & 2 NADH & pyruvate & carbon skeletons |
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-second stage of respiration
-before: pyruvate + coenzyme A = acetyl coA
-gives off 1 CO2 & produces 1 NADH for every mol. of pyruvate
-acetyl coA + oxaloacitate = citrate
-oxaloacitate=1st reactant & final product
significance: produces..
•3 NADH } ets
•1 FADH2 } ets
•1 ATP
•2 CO2 given off |
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| electron transport system |
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-3rd stage of respiration
-electrons transfer from 1 carrier mol. to another
-results in storage of energy in ATP
-regenerates supply of NAD+ |
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-FAD + 2H = FADH2
-H carrier mol. |
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-3-C compound
-end product of glycolysis |
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-3-C acid
-formed by pyruvate in fermentation |
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-if not enough O2 (anaerobic)
-pyruvate -> lactate
-converts NADH to NAD+
-(recycles NAD+) |
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-organelles in which krebs cycle & ets occur
-where most ATP is synthesized (powerhouse of cell) |
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-carrier mol. that binds to acetate & makes acetyl CoA
-delievers acetate to krebs cycle |
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