Term
| be able to define and identify examples of intrinsic reinforcers 166-167 |
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Definition
| reinforcment from within the organism. ex a musisian you really like playing the instument |
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Term
| what is the overjustification effect? is this effect caused by the delvery of extrinistic rewards or expectations of rewards? how do reinforcers and rewards differ |
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Definition
| occurs when a behavior is intrinsically reinforced at first but extrinsic applied later. when extrinsic is withdrawn motivation decreases. overjustification ahppens when rewards are expected |
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Term
| what is the relationship between testosterone and aggresive behavior. what environmental variables seem to play a part in aggresion. why can we not conclude that these hormones and other variables cause aggression |
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Definition
| testosterone has shown a relationship with aggresion only when aggresion is reinforced |
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Term
| what are the effects of androgen on sexual activity and interest |
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Definition
| relationship between testosterone and sex drive is more clear. artificially raising levels increase sex drive above olacebo. |
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Term
| what are the threee major conclusions from the bell 1981 study on homosexuality |
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Definition
disproved many rumors of the motivation for same sex attraction
same sex attractions 3 years before same sex activities.
gender nonconfromity in childhood predicts identifying as gay or lesbian later in life ex activities
orientation due to biological |
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Term
| be able to describe details of the phineas gage accident. what area of his brain was injured and is primarily identified as responsibility for personality |
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Definition
| railroad worker responsible for tamping explosives into rocks blasting. he had tampering iron through his brain. his left frontal lobe was moslty destroyed. after accident he was angry heavy drinker fighting. |
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Term
| describe the two runaway trolley scenarios including the common elements of the two scenarios and how the reactions differ. in regards to emotion and logic what do these scenarios illustrate about moral judgment |
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Definition
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Term
| define the james lange theory of emotion (be clear about the sequence of responses and emotions) be able to explain this in terms of self observations and hoe we make attributions |
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Definition
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Term
| be able to define personality |
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Definition
| a pattern of behavior and thinking prevailing accross time and situations that diferentiats on from another |
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Term
| what is a personality trait |
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Definition
| an enduring personal charaacteristic that realeasls itself in a pattern of behavior in a situation |
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Term
| what is the five factor model (aka big five) be able to name and describe each of the dimeensions involved |
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Definition
openness(to expierience)
conscientiousness
extroversion (shy outgoing)
agreeableness
neuroticism(anxiety vs outgoing) |
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Term
| according to the behavioral perspective, what is a perertoire and how might that influence environmental variables |
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Definition
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Term
| be able to define social cognitive theory |
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Definition
| much in common with beavioral approaches. both consequences and beliefs determine personality. observational learning people develop expectancies about available consequences by watching others interact with environment. |
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Term
| what is reciprocal determinism? what is self-efficacy? |
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Definition
behavioral environment and individual differences interact to determine ersonality
key factor a persons repertoire affects the kind of environment they live in
self efficacy -belief about how wlell or badly one will perform a task. significant determinant of action across situation. you believe you will find reinforcments |
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Term
| be able to define and identify examples of external and internal locus of control. which type of control is associated with better achievments and health |
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Definition
| an individuals belief that the consequences of his or her actions are controlled by internal person variables or by external environmental variable. internal vs vs external. internal when you think you messed up. external ex blaming teacher. internal loc is associated with better health and achievment. |
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Term
| what is positive psychology? how is it similar to and different from humanistic psychology |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the id ego and superego? which of the, are we cmpletely unconcious of |
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Definition
| id is the lizard brain fighting fornicatingand__.superego is the conscious. ego is the judge the mediator. we are unconscious of superego and id |
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Term
| which part of the psyche uses defese mechanisms? what is the purpose of defense mechanisms |
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Definition
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Term
| what do psychoseual stages begin to affect our personality development ? be able to list the five psychosexual stages in the order in which they occur and what happens during each stage fter which psychosexual stage is the bulk of ones personality formed |
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Definition
| from when you were born. oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage. |
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Term
| what is the oedipus complex? how is this stage resolved for boys? be prepared to clearly describe the involved emptions for both parents and the process in which these emotions are resolved |
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Definition
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Term
| according to jungian theory, what is the collective unconcious? what are the archetypes |
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Definition
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Term
| according to adler what is the major motivational force in life |
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Definition
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Term
| related to falsifiability representitative samples and operational definitons be able to explain how the psycho dynamic approace to personality is problematic |
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Definition
| ego id and superego can not be measured. psychodynamic theory can be neither proven nor disproven. freuds sample was moostly white upper class female |
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Term
| what is the humanistic approach to personality |
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Definition
| approaches to personality that emphasize the positive fufilling aspects of life. people are innately good and driven to relize their potentia |
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Term
| how many levels are there to maslows hierarchy of needs be able to provide all of the levels and define self actualizaiton how does one progress through the levels |
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Definition
| 5 physiological,safety,love belonging, esteem, self actualization. person has self actualization thich is motivator in driving personality development. |
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Term
| according to carl rodgers what are the conditions of worth? what is unconditional positive regard? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are two scientific problems with the humanistic approach |
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Definition
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Term
| compare and contrast objective and projective tests of personality. WHich type of test has the best reliabilty and validity |
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Definition
| projective tests are unstructured personality measures in which a person is shown a series of stimli the person then describes what they see. objectives for measuring personality that can be scored objectivly such as a multiple or true or false tests. |
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Term
| what was the mmpi designed for? what caution is relevant when extending the use of a validated test to new setting? |
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Definition
| developed to help identify psychiatric disorders quickly. hundred. hundreds of true and false questions. researchers then identified patterns. generated validity and clinical scales |
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Term
| describe how the rorschach and thematic appereception tests assess personality |
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Definition
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Term
| why do some psychologists use the rorschach and tat despite the fact these tests are very poor from a scientific perspecetive |
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Definition
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Term
| examples extrinisc reinforcment |
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Definition
| musicians do it for the money |
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