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a seizure under the 4th amendment. Whenever a police officer stops a person and restrains his freedom to walk away, he has seized that person. |
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a search under the 4th amendment. It is not a petty indignity. Reasonable suspicion is enough for a patdown. Probable cause is enough for a search. |
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point to specific and articulable facts, which taken together with rational inferences from those facts, reasonably warrant the intrusion. |
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to require that police officers take unnecessary risks in performance of their duties. |
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different than a limited search for weapons. |
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is far less intrusive than an arrest. |
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reasonably search for weapons to protect himself where he has reason to believe that he is dealing with an armed and dangerous individual regardless of whether he has probable cause to arrest the individual for a crime. |
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