False - palms fowards

   T/F: The normal anatomical position of the human body is standing straight up , arms at side, and palms facing backwards.

False - towards the front

       T/F: The term Ventral when related to the normal anatomical positions means that it is located toward the back of the body or body part?

Axis of joint rotation

a line projecting at right angels to the plane of motion

circumduction

  Circumduction is a movement whereby the distal end of a part makes a circle while the proximal portion remains relatively stationary.

Range of Motion

the range, measured in degree of a circle, throught which a body part can be extended or flexed at a joint

Protraction

movement of a body part forward, away from the middle of the body.

 approximately 75 trillion cells.

Appx how many cells does the human body contain?

shape and size

 How do the structures of the cells in the human body differ?

cell membrance

cytoplasm

cell nucleus

what are the threee general parts of the structure of a cell?

cell membrane.

its flexible and protects the entire cell by sealing tiny breaks in the membrance surface where they occur.

what is the outermost layer of a cell called? and what's its function?

Cell nucleus

     What is considered the “brain” of the cell?

cytoplasm

with the exception of the nucleus, what contains all of the livinf substances of the cell?

Endoplasmic Reticulum 

a tubular system within the cell that transports molecules

ribosomes

important for the processing of protein, both within the cell itself and in the other parts of the body

golge apparatus

located near the nucleus and responsible for distributing proteins the ribosomes processed

mitochondria

principal source of cellular energy

centrosomes

distribute chromosomes, which carry DNA information to newly formed cells

    Mitosis

 cytoplasmic division

 interphase, and cell differentiation

What are the 4 general processes of the cell life cycle?

mitosis

the process of the nuclues dividing

prophase

appearance of the chromosomes

metaphase

chromosomes line up in an orderly fashion and prepare to divide

Anaphase

the chromosomes actually divide and move apart from each other

Telophase

the divided chromosomes change in shape and size and a new nucleus forms around each set to complete the cycle.

cytoplasmic division

division of the contents of the cytoplasm. it begins during anaphase and continues thru telophase

interphase

the continuation of cell groth from the time it becomes a new cell until mitosis occurs again.

cell differentiation

distinction of cell characteristics

epithelial

connective

mucsle

nervous

what are the 4 general types of body tissue?

b. connective

which tissue is most abundant and main purpose to provides body with its framework.

a. epithelial

b. connective

c. muscle

d. nervous

skeletal - found in muscles attached to the bone

smooth - walls of internal hollow organs

cardiac - found in the heart

what are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

where are they found?

TRUE.

T/F: The human eye contains approximately 100 million rods and 3 million cones.

FALSE.  Pathway of vision

     T/F: The optic nerve is the pathway of light through the eyes.

Muscle

      What type of tissue can change its shape?

at least 7

     How many groups of odors can be discerned by olfaction?

FALSE: Aqueous humor

1.       T/F: The vitreous humorous fills the space between the cornea and the iris.

inferior, superior, and middle meatus

1.       What is the nasal conchae made up of?

False: 16,000

    T/F: Approximately 20,000 hair cells are located in the organ of Corti.

TRUE

     T/F: Six extrinsic muscles extend from the outer surface to the eye to the bones of the orbit

skin and skin appendages

      What 2 categories do the organs of the integumentary system fall under?

TRUE

     T/F: Skin is one of the largest organs in the body.

Dead Cells

     What is the stratum corneum mostly contain?

a. levator palpebrae superioris

which muscle id attached to the eyelid?

a. levator palpebrae superioris

b. superior oblique

c. anterior oblique

d. lateral rectus

a. rods

what part of the eye is largely responsible for viewing dimly lit images

a. rods

b. cones

c. anterior portion of the iris

d posterior portion of the iris

optic

what nerve is pathway to vision?

middle ear

where are the auditory ossicles located

20,000

how many vibrations per seconds can normal hearing detect?

orbicularis oculi and the levator palpebrae superioris

What are the 2 main muscles attached to the eyelids?

outer tunic

middle tunic(center)

inner tunic (deepest)

that are the 3 layers of the eye

the middle tunic  contains the choroid coat, ciliary body, iris, and lens.

the choroid - joined loosley with sclera and extends around the entire eyeball from iris to optic nerve

ciliary - thickest part o fmiddle tunic

iris - circular muscle located posterior to sclera

lens is posterior to the iris

The outer tunic includes: sclera and cornea.

Cornea is the outer transparent layer of the eye

sclera is the white portion of the eye and is covered by conjunctiva.

The human eyes contains 100 million rods and 3 million cones

False: 16,000

       T/F: Approximately 20,000 hair cells are located in the organ of Corti.

True

 T/F: Six extrinsic muscles extend from the outer surface to the eye to the bones of the orbit

interpreting head and body movement

what does dynamic eqiolibrium involve?

4 layerrs of the epiderrmis

stratum corneum

stratum granulosum (missin in palms and soles)

stratum spinosum

stratum basale

The skin consist of three layers:

epidermis, dermis, and the subcutaneous layer.

sebaceous glands

what glands secrete oily substance called sebum directly into the hair follicles

the musculoskeletal system serves as the bodys frame

3 main physiological functions of the integumentary system:

body temp regulation (primary fuction),

protection,

external physical characateristics.

patella

what triangular shapped bone lies over the anterior portion of the knee joint to formthe knee cap

A. apocrine

 What type of sweat gland is usually connected to hair follicles?

a.       Apocrine

b.      Sweat

c.       Pituitary

d.      Sebaceous

b.      Decrease skin elasticity

   How does aging affect the skin?

a.       Increases skin elasticity

b.      Decrease skin elasticity

c.       None of the Above

d.      Two of the Above

d.      Primary and secondary

      What are the two categories of lesions found in the integumentary system?

a.       First and second

b.      Primary and Post Primary

c.       Primary and Tertiary

d.      Primary and secondary

a.       Hematoma

What condition can result when larger blood vessels rupture and cause a pooling of blood beneath the skin surface?

a.       Hematoma

b.      Contusion

c.       Bruising

d.      Concussion

b.      Mitral

      What valve is between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

a.       Vena Cava

b.      Mitral

c.       Tricuspid

d.      Aortic

d.      Inferior and Superior Vena Cava

  What are the two largest veins in the body

a.       Ventral and Mitral

b.      Aortic and Ventral

c.       Inferior and Anterior Vena Cava

d.      Inferior and Superior Vena Cava

a.       Maintain Fluid Balance

  To defend against infection and ______  are the two functions of the lymphatic system?

a.       Maintain Fluid Balance

b.      Maintain insulin balance

c.       Both A and B

d.      None of the Above

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

what are the three types of muscles found in the muscular system?

c.       Left Subclavian Vein

What vein is joined to the thoracic duct?

a.       Synovial

b.      Fibrous

c.       Left Subclavian Vein

d.      Right Subclavian Vein

a.       To fight infection

1.       What is the function of lymphocytes?

a.       To fight infection

b.      Blood to clot

c.       To lower cholesterol

d.      Maintain fluid balance

a.       Lymphatic trunks

   After passing through the lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels merge to form what component of the lymphatic system?

a.       Lymphatic trunks

b.      Cardiac Tamponade

c.       Subclavian trunk

d.      lymph nodes

c.       Tricuspid

  The valve that leads from the right

atrium to the right ventricle is the...

a.       Vena Cava

b.      Mitral

c.       Tricuspid

d.      Aortic

b.      Spleen

    What is the largest lymphatic organ?

a.       Aorta

b.      Spleen

c.       Vena Cava

d.      Heart

b. 3

1.       How many lobes does the right lung have?

a.       2

b.      3

c.       5

d.      4

b.      Pancreas

  What is located along the inferior surface of the liver?

a.       Gallbladder

b.      Pancreas

c.       Spleen

d.      Urethra

D. liver

Where is bile produced?

a.       Gallbladder

b.      Pancreas

c.       Spleen

d.      liver

b.      First Set of Teeth to Develop

  What are decidious teeth?

a.       Second Set of Teeth to develop

b.      First Set of Teeth to Develop

c.       None of the Above

d.      Both A and C

true

    T/F: Compact bone is the strong portion of the bone that does not bend.

true

T/F: Beneath the fascia lies the outer surface of the muscle itself, called the epimysium.

walls of blood vessels

Where are multiunit smooth muscles found?

4

     How many chambers does the heart have?

 False: Left Center; Mediasternum

     T/F: The heart lies to the right center of the chest in an area of the thorax known as the sternum.

False - 6 liters

     T/F:  When filled to capacity, the lung can hold approximately 8 liters of air.

true

       T/F: The glossopharageal is considered the cranial nerve that conveys taste

false - 4

    T/F: the abdomen Is divided into 6 different quadrants, hence the term 6 pack.

renal pelvis of each kidney

       From where to where does the ureter extend?

true

   T/F:Sperm cells are produced in the scrotum and later transferred to the epididymus

endometrium!

1.       What lines the inner wall of the uterus?

false - estrogen and progesterone

      T/F:  During a female’s menstrual cycle, the hormones testosterone and progesterone are secreted

True

       T/F:  The testes are 2 oval shapped structures that are made of connective tissues

true

    T/F: Fluid  is secreted from the seminal vesicles to help carry sperm through the ejaculatory duct

c.       Thyroxine

1.       Which hormone accounts for the majority of the thyroid hormones?

a.       TSH

b.      Aldosterone

c.       Thyroxine

d.      Pituitary

d.      Pituitary

1.       What gland secretes STH?

a.       TSH

b.      Aldosterone

c.       Thyroxine

d.      Pituitary

target cells

1.       What are cells that act as hormone receptors called?

D day 28

1.       When do menses begin?

a.       Day 31

b.      Day 14

c.       Day 30

d.      Day 28

4; 2

1.       How many female external accessory organs are there? Male?

False - testosterone

T/F: Progesterone is the male hormone responsible for certain male characteristics

a.       Gallbladder

1.       What is located along the inferior surface of the liver?

a.       Gallbladder

b.      Pancreas

c.       Spleen

d.      Urethra

d.      1 ½ inches

     What is the approximate length of the female urethra?

a.       10 inches

b.      6 inches

c.       1 1/3 inches

d.      1 ½ inches

c.       Penis and scrotum

1.       What are the two male external accessory sex organs?

a.       Vas deferens and penis

b.      Testes and scrotum

c.       Penis and scrotum

d.      Semen and penis

c.       Epididymis

1.       After sperm cells are produced, where do they mature?

a.       Vas deferens

b.      Scrotum

c.       Epididymis

d.      ovaries

b.      Ovaries

1.       What are the primary female sex organs?

a.       Vagina

b.      Ovaries

c.       Ovum

d.      Ova

a ligaments

1.       What holds ovaries in their position?

a.       Ligaments

b.      Fallopian tubes

c.       Eustachian tubes

d.      Ovaries Sac

c.       both A and B

  What is the digestive system composed of?

a.       Alimentary canal

b.      accessory organs

c.       both A and B

d.      None of the Above

false - menarche

T/F: A females first menstrual cycle is known as puberty

a.       3

1.       How many hormones are secreted by the Islets of Langerhans?

a.       3

b.      4

c.       5

d.      2

D Liver

1.      Glucagon has a direct effect on which organ?

a.       Gallbladder

b.      Pancreas

c.       Spleen

d.      liver

b.      Superior portion of each kidney

1.       Where are the adrenal glands located?

a.       Inferior Portion of Each Kidney

b.      Superior portion of each kidney

c.       In the master gland

d.      None of the above

b. esophagus

what part of the alimentary canal is between the pharynx and the stomach?

a.jejunum

b. esophagus

c. colon

d. cecum

b. cecum

the ileocecal valve in the small intestine connects to the:

a. colon

b. cecum

c. jejunum

d. pyloric region

.

c. 12

what is the difference in number of the primary teeth and the numver of permanent teeth a person will develop

a. 5

b. 10

c. 12

d. 16

b. cecum

where will undigested chime go after leaving the ileum?

a. liver

b. cecum

c. duodenum

d. anal canal

b. colon

which organ absorbs beneficial waster for use by the body?

a. ileum

b. colon

c. duodenum

d. small intestines

a thoratic to the lumbar spinal region

kidneys are in the posterior abdominal cavity snf rxtend from the

a thoratic to the lumbar spinal region

b. thoratic to the coccyx soinal region

c. lumbar to the coccyx spinal region

d. lumbar to the sacrum spinal region

b. 250

the urge to urinate is usually first experienced when the bladder c ontains apprx how many milliliters of urine.

a. 50

b. 250

c. 500

d. 600

c. nephron

 what part of the kidneys filters blood to remove waste and regulate water and electrolyte concentrations?

a. ureter

b. cortex.

c. nephron

d. external spincter

c. progesterone.

what hormone is secreted during the menstral cycle

a. testosterone

b. estrogen.

c. progesterone.

prostagladin

c. prevent extensive overworking of the body

the parasympathetic nervous system is designed to:

a. provide pain relief

b. provide additional energy

c. prevent extensive overworking of the body

d. prevent prolonged relaxation of body systems