Term
How do Learning theorists think we form attachments?
[image] |
|
Definition
| Learning theorists say we have to LEARN to attach and we do so because of FOOD!!! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An association is made between neutral stimulas and an innate, unconditional response.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An event that causes a response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An action made because a stimulus is detected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An aspect of the environment which produces an automatic, unlearned, innate response. For example, food produces salivation for a dog. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An unlearned, reflex response to an unconditioned stimulus.
Example: Dilation of the pupil of the eye is an unconditioned response to the unconditioned stimulus of dim light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A previously neutral stimulus, which after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
E.g. to feel hungry when you hear the sound of a whistle |
|
|
Term
| The Process of Conditioning |
|
Definition
1. Food UCS (unconditional stimulus)--> Baby feels pleasure= UCR (unconditional response)
2. Mother= NS (neutral stimulus) + Food=UCS (unconditional stimulus)---> Baby feels pleasure=UCR (unconditional response)
3. Mother= CS (conditional stimulus)--> Baby feels pleasure=CR (conditional response)
|
|
|
Term
| Classical conditioning- the written process |
|
Definition
Baby forms an association between the mother (neutral stimulus) and the feeling of pleasure that comes with being fed (innate, unconditional response).
At first, baby is comforted by food. Each time he/she is fed, the mother is present therefore an association forms. Before long, the mother stimulates a feeling of pleasure on her own. The baby feels happier when the mother is near.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Responses can be controlled through positive reinforcement (rewards) and negative reinforcement (punishment) |
|
|
Term
| What are the principles of Operant conditioning? |
|
Definition
*Any behaviour which provides positive reinforcement will be repeated.
*Any behaviour which 'switches off' something unpleasant will be repeated.
*Behaviours which lead to an unpleasant outcome are less likely to be repeated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Operant Conditioning - the written process |
|
Definition
The mother rewards the infant by feeding him, so the infant associates the mother with the reward and repeats the action.
Food is a primary reinforcer by removing discomfort, it reinforces the behaviour that led to its arrival. But the food never comes without the mother bringing it, so the mother becomes the secondary reinforcer. |
|
|
Term
| Strengths of the Learning Theory |
|
Definition
:) Provides an adequate explanation of how attachments form.
:) We do learn by association and reinforcement. |
|
|
Term
| Weaknesses of the Learning Theory |
|
Definition
:( Schaffer & Emerson study suggests that the first attachment formed by 39% of babies was not to the person that carried out physical care, but with giving the baby attention.
:( Harlow and Zimmerman's study suggested that attachments were made with the 'surrogate' mother who was made of fabric and comforted the infant monkey rather than the one who was made of wire and fed it. |
|
|
