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| hospital aquired infection |
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| (occurrence of a secondary infection when the flora of the body is disturbed |
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| Common adverse reactions to penicillin administration are |
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| hypersensitivity and superinfection |
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| evere allergic reaction to penicillin |
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| mild to moderate allergic reaction to penicillin |
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| infection of the large intestine (colon) with an overgrowth of Clostridium difficile bacteria. |
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| tetracycline and sulfonamides |
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| penicillins and cephalosporins) |
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| Penicillinase, an enzyme produced by the microorganism, is responsible for causing its_______ |
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| is equal to the sum of the effects of two antibiotics. |
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| occurs when one antibiotic potentiates the effect of the second antibiotic, increasing their effectiveness. |
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| . The antagonistic result of multi antibiotic combinations..` |
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| The antagonistic result is a combination of a drug that is bactericidal, such as penicillin, and a drug that is bacteriostatic, such as tetracycline. When these two drugs are used together, the desired effect may be greatly reduced. |
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| Three major adverse reactions associated with the administration of antibacterial drugs are |
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Definition
| allergic (hypersensitivity) reactions, superinfection, and organ toxicity |
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| what do beta-lactam antibiotics do? |
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| These antibiotics work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, causing the bacteria to lyse and die. |
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| Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors |
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Definition
| break down the bata-lactamase based protective barrier around the microbes. |
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| Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors are often combined with a |
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| The first-generation cephalosporins are _______ by beta-lactamases |
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| Third-generation cephalosporins are _____ to beta-lactamases |
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| cephalosporins all have what common part in their drug names? |
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Definition
Cepha/cefa
ex) cephalexin, cefadroxil |
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| The side effects to cephalosporins include |
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Definition
| GI disturbances (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), alteration in blood clotting time (increased bleeding) |
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| The side effects to cephalosporins include |
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Definition
| GI disturbances (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) |
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| adverse reactions to cephalosporins include |
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Definition
| alteration in blood clotting time (increased bleeding) with administration of large doses, and nephrotoxicity (toxicity to the kidney) in individuals with a preexisting renal disorder. |
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| first-generation cephalosporin example |
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| second-generation cephalosporin example |
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| cefaclor (Ceclor, Raniclor) |
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| Third-Generation cephalosporin example |
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| 4th generation cephalosporin example |
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| blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine |
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| Advise client to ingest _____or _____ to prevent superinfection of the intestinal flora with long-term use of a cephalosporin. |
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Definition
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| side effects from use of oral cephalosporin drugs; t |
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Definition
| these may include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, itching, and rash. |
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1. A client is receiving amoxicillin (Amoxil). The nurse knows that the action of this drug is by which process?
a. Inhibition of protein synthesis
b. Alteration of membrane permeability
c. Inhibition of bacterial cell-wall synthesis
d. Alteration of synthesis of bacterial ribonucleic acid |
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2. Amoxicillin (Amoxil) is prescribed for a client who has a respiratory infection. The nurse is teaching the client about this medication and realizes that more teaching is needed when the client makes which statement?
a. “I should not take my medication with food.”
b. “I will take my entire prescription of medication.”
c. “I should report to the physician any genital itching.”
d. “I should report to the health care provider any excess bleeding.” |
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3. A client is prescribed dicloxacillin (Dynapen). The nurse plans to monitor the client for which side effect/adverse reaction?
a. Seizures
b. Renal failure
c. Hypertension
d. Hemolytic anemia |
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4. A client is taking cefoperazone (Cefobid). The nurse anticipates which appropriate nursing intervention(s) for this medication? (Select all that apply.)
a. Monitoring renal function studies
b. Monitoring liver function studies
c. Infusing IV medication over 30 minutes
d. Monitoring client for mouth ulcers
e. Advising client to take medication with food |
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5. A client has been prescribed cefaclor (Ceclor). The nurse knows what fact about this medication?
a. It has a normal adult dose of 2 grams q6h.
b. It has a common side effect of hypotension.
c. It has an intramuscular administration route.
d. It is used to treat respiratory infections. |
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6. Penicillin G (Pentids) has been prescribed for a client. Which nursing intervention(s) should the nurse include for this client? (Select all that apply.)
a. Collect C & S prior to first dose.
b. Monitor client for mouth ulcers.
c. Instruct client to limit fluid intake to 1000 mL/day.
d. Have epinephrine on hand for a potential severe allergic reaction. |
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7. A client is prescribed cephradine (Velosef). The nurse should follow which nursing implication(s)? (Select all that apply.)
a. Report seizures to the health care provider.
b. Advise client to eat yogurt to prevent a superinfection.
c. Monitor client for an allergic reaction especially after first and second dose.
d. Advise client to take medication on an empty stomach even if GI distress occurs.
e. Culture infected area prior to first dose of medication. |
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