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| • In real world, we often lack info required for Kelley’s AT model |
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| • So, just as we do w/decisions, we use various “shortcuts” or “rules of thumb” when making attributions (heuristics) |
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representativeness
availability
schema driven inference |
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| similar things go together; stereotypes |
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| related to similar things go together |
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| halo effect; bc you're attractive you have other good qualities |
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| selectively recalling most memorable info and using it as the foundation for attribution |
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| availability relates back to |
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| schemas and ignoring baseline rates |
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| • Plane crash happens and its in the news for months, yet there have been 1,000s of car crashes. The plane crash is more memorable. |
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| o Schema-driven inference |
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| • Once we create a schema, we tend to defend it using “short-cut” strategies |
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| looking selectively for supporting evidence |
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| creating evidence and associations that don’t exist |
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| excusing evidence that challenges our beliefs |
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| • Grandma feels blacks are very lazy, but what about our president is he lazy? –hes an exception |
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| Self-fulfilling prophecies: |
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| working to support beliefs |
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| • Women are told they aren’t good at math, thus they don’t want to take math classes, then they end up being bad at math. |
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| Self-fulfilling prophecies: |
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| refusing to consider or entertain evidence that threatens our beliefs |
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| o Not only do we take shortcuts, but those shortcuts may be biased in specific ways |
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| fundamental attribution error- |
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Definition
| favoring internal attributions for others behavior instead of external |
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