Term
Psychopathology and conditioned reinforcers
• Conditioning Explanation |
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Definition
| o Classical conditioning established a previously neutral stimulus as something that can elicit pleasure |
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Term
Psychopathology and conditioned reinforcers
• Conditioning Explanation |
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Definition
| o Classical conditioning established a previously neutral stimulus as something that can elicit pleasure |
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Term
| • Unpredictable situation/ event (US) -> |
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Definition
physiological arousal (UR)
o Casino +unpredictable situation/event -> physiological arousal (NS)
• Casino (CS) -> Physiological arousal (CR) |
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Term
• Conditioned Reinforcers
o Conditioning explanation |
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Definition
• Sugar consumption (US)-> pleasure from sugary dessert (UR)
• Ice cream truck (NS) +sugar consumption-> Pleasure from sugar
• Ice cream truck (CS) -> Pleasure from sugar (CR) |
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Term
| o Operant conditioning maintains behaviors that result in the presentation of the desired object thru positive reinforcement |
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Definition
• Associate ice cream truck with feeling good =reinforcement
• Chasing behaviors (Response) -> Ice cream (Stimulus)
• Note: the addition + of a stimulus increases reinforcement the behavior in the future |
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Term
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Definition
• Aversion therapy (counter-conditioning)
• Re-conditioning (fading) |
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Term
| • Aversion therapy (counter-conditioning) |
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Definition
| Conditioning something on top of the learned. Associating desired object w/an aversive stimulus |
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Term
| aversion therapy/counter-conditioning ice cream example: |
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Definition
Ice cream truck -> pleasure from sugar.
• Ice cream truck +becoming sick -> aversion
• Or
• Ice cream truck + public humiliation -> aversion |
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Term
| • Re-conditioning (fading) |
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Definition
• Item is used to evoke CR
• Then add “appropriate” obj, and initial obj is gradually faded out.
• Attempting to “transfer” the pleasure elicited by initial item to the more appropriate item. |
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Term
| reconditioning/fading ice cream example: |
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Definition
| Instead of going to ice cream truck, put ice cream in future. Instead of casino, get at home slot machiene. |
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Term
| Acquired rewards not due to conditioning |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
o Assigning value to an object not associated w/primary reinforcement
o Object must have specific features
o Only occurs during “critical periods” of developments |
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Term
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Definition
| o Familiarity with a stimulus, through repeated exposure, increases its desirability |
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Term
| mere exposure is opposite from |
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Definition
| effect is opposite than that of habituation where exposure decreases desirability |
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Term
| Complex acquired motives and drives |
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Definition
| • In some instances the source of the motivation (ie nature of the reinforcement) may change over time |
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Term
| ex of motivation changes: |
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Definition
o Drug use, first they like being high, then they become addicted and they stop using them for the reward and instead just to get away from withdrawls
o Physical activity: first out of shape, after awhile more in shape and you just get endorphin high
o Romantic attachment: honeymoon period at first, then the arguments starts less romantic and more companion |
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Term
Opponent- process theory (OPT)
• Assumptions: |
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Definition
| o The body seeks to maintain an homeostatic level of affect/arousal. |
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Term
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Definition
| • Similar to optimal arousal theory. Want to be in the middle ground . |
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