Term
| o Arguments against strict behaviorism in thirst |
|
Definition
• Behavioral variation in a constant environment
Glass of water in front of class, will you drink it?
• Variations- how thirsty you are, if you have a water bottle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Different ways to achieve goal directed behavior
What could you do rather than getting the glass of water?
• Go to the cafe, water fountain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• 50% of female and 60% of male body weight is made up of water (Saltmarsh 2001)
• Dehydration can be fatal if more than 15% of body weight in water is lost
• Sources of water loss- sweat, breath, urinate
• Way to gain water- drinking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • Stimulus -> motivational state -> behavior |
|
|
Term
| • Motivationals State (MS) |
|
Definition
Activates goal directed behavior
Generate arbitrary responses (not predictable) |
|
|
Term
| mediational model includes: |
|
Definition
MS
Drive
Homeostasis
Habituation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hierarchially organized MS
Master components control lower components |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A system that is regulated within a set of boundaries
• Need to maintain a certain level of dehydration if it drops to low- things start to shut down. If goes too high- drown |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the decrease in appeal associated with repeated exposure |
|
|
Term
| o Cannon’s Local Sign Theory |
|
Definition
• Some bodily need produces a drive
• Drive produces unpleasant senstation
(thirst- dry mouth, HA)
• Sensations initiate actions to satisfy need
Water removes dry mouth and no longer dehydrated and the thirst motivation is removed |
|
|
Term
| why is Cannon’s Local Sign Theory wrong |
|
Definition
Neither dry mouth nor stomach contractions are necessary to produce thirst or hunger
• Sufficient but not necessary causes
o They prevented ppl from having a dry mouth and ppl still felt thirsty. |
|
|
Term
| control system approach for thist has |
|
Definition
homeostatic system
multiple inputs, multiple outputs
assumes ouputs and inputs are related in negative feedback loop |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outputs feedback to reduce or eliminate inputs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inputs Events activate the system
ouputs Events initiated by the system to return to homeostasis and eventually result in deactivation |
|
|
Term
Control system for Thirst
• Activation (inputs) |
|
Definition
| intracellular and extracellular dehydration |
|
|
Term
| o Intracellular dehydration |
|
Definition
| • Injecting sodium chloride |
|
|
Term
| o Extracellular dehydration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| double depletion hypothesis |
|
Definition
o Two set points for thirst- intra and extra
o Changes in either are sufficient causes (inputs) of thirst
o Both trigger drinking or behaviors that lead to drinking (outputs)
o Additive processes |
|
|
Term
| • Deactivation (outputs) of thirst inhibiting factors |
|
Definition
• Mouth factors (sham-drinking studies)
Pumping water out of stomach as its going in. You will still feel thirsty? You might slow down drinking.
• Stomach factors (sham-drinking studies)
Goes into mouth and stomach
• Removal of IC (in particular) & EC dehydration
Saline drip- hydrate you without water in stomach or mouth. Thirst motivation doesn’t start |
|
|
Term
| sham drinking studies results: |
|
Definition
| sham rats drink more than normal rats deprevied of water for the same amount of time. |
|
|
Term
| complications to the control systems approach to thirst |
|
Definition
1. Can have dehydration without observing drinking (might not have water available)
2. Can have drinking in the absence of dehydration
3. Can have cessation of drinking in the absence of restored hydration
4. Drinking may be induced by multiple “outside” factors that may or may not also involve thirst (MS) |
|
|
Term
| 1. Can have dehydration without observing drinking (might not have water available) |
|
Definition
inface of dehydration , brain
the model IC and/or EC |
|
|
Term
| a. Inface of dehydration, brain |
|
Definition
i. Signals to kidneys to produce more concentrated urine (slows IC dehydration)
ii. Tells blood vessels to constrict (slowing extracellular dehydration) |
|
|
Term
b. The model:
i. IC and/or EC |
|
Definition
| This short term negative feedback loop would temporarily maintain adequate hydration in the absence of observable drinking |
|
|
Term
| Can have drinking in the absence of dehydration examples |
|
Definition
Taste-evoked drinking (you like the taste_
Drinking an “anticipation” of thirst
• Suggest a difference between regulatroy (in response to dehydration ) and non regulatory drinking (in the absence of dehydration) |
|
|
Term
| Can have cessation of drinking in the absence of restored hydration |
|
Definition
drinking in response to dehydration often stops before hydration is restored
• prevents “water intoxication” |
|
|
Term
| Drinking may be induced by multiple “outside” factors that may or may not also involve thirst (MS) |
|
Definition
social drinking
Drinking caffeine to wake up or alcohol to relax.
Drinking at meals |
|
|
Term
| o Additional outside factors that interact with thirst |
|
Definition
• Eating elicits thirst (prandial drinking)
Histamine and serotonin
• Taste adn deprivation
Acquired tastes
Deprivation increases tolerance for bitter tastes and decreases attraction to sweet tastes
• Temperature
Water preferred btw 32-56F
• Learning
Social reinforcement
Cultural training
• Effort
More effort required to drink= less drinking |
|
|
