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only 10% of the usable energy is transferred because usable energy lost as heat (2nd law), not all biomass is digested & absorbed, predators expend energy to catch prey |
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(good: disinfection of water) ( bad: forms trihalomethanes) |
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Primary succession; Secondary succession: |
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development of communities in a lifeless area not previously inhabited by life (lava); life progresses where soil remains (clear cut forest, fire) |
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using waste heat to make electricity |
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symbiotic relationship where both partners benefit |
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symbiotic relationship where one partner benefits & the other is unaffected |
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relationship in which one partner obtains nutrients at the expense of the host |
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large distinct terrestrial region having similar climate, soil, plants & animals |
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the number of individuals that can be sustained in an area |
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reproduce early, many small unprotected offspring |
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reproduce late, few, cared for offspring |
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when a change in some condition triggers a response that intensifies the changing condition (EX: warmer Earth - snow melts - less sunlight is reflected & more is absorbed, therefore warmer earth) |
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organisms that possess favorable adaptations pass them onto the next generation |
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said human population cannot continue to increase. Consequences will be war, famine & disease |
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rule of 70 (70 divided by the percent growth rate) |
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Replacement level fertility |
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the number of children a couple must have to replace themselves (2.1 developed, 2.7 developing) |
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World Population is; US Population; |
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6 1/2 billion; 300 million |
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birth & death rates high, population grows slowly, infant mortality high |
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death rate lower, better health care, population grows fast |
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decline in birth rate, population growth slows |
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