Term
| males and females differ- |
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Definition
Differences pain threshold/response (women are less tolerant to pain)
Tolerate temperature differently (women more sensitive to hot and cold)
Differences in brain structure size (how we process information and emotional differences)
Differences in wound healing (men heal faster) |
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Term
| Reasons why women excluded clinical trials |
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Definition
The onset of certain diseases is often later in women than men, and thus excluded from studies (age-based exclusion criteria)
Claim that women are different from men
Potential become pregnant
Female body is too complex to use in controlled studies |
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Term
| Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) |
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Definition
clinical intervention and prevention trial that followed 161,808 healthy postmenopausal women, 15 years.
Purpose of the WHI gather data on the prevention, treatment, and major causes of death in middle-aged and older women.
Cardiovascular disease
Cancer
Bone disease |
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Term
| pelvis best sex identifier |
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Definition
The angle of the pubic arch is greater than 90° degrees in women and less than 90° in males.
Female pelvis is wider than the male pelvis and tipped forward slightly. Allows for the maximum opening at the pelvic outlet, which is important for the delivery of infants through the birth canal. |
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Term
| Different Pelvis = Different Leg Structures |
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Definition
As the femur meets the tibia it creates an angel, or Q (quadriceps) angle. Women have a wider pelvis then men, therefore the Q angle is greater.
This puts force on the ACL, which is why women are more prone (2-10 times more likely) to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears then men. |
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Term
| m/f differences in ribcage and shoulder |
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Definition
Women have a smaller ribcage, men are more barrel-shaped.
Males tend to be more diaphragmatic breathers (more space for the diaphragm to move towards the abdomen during inhalation)
Women tend to be more chest breathersCollarbones are shorter, why women narrow shoulders |
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Term
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Definition
| The female urethra is around 2 inches long, and in males the urethra is around 8 to 10 inches long. |
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Term
| Compared to women, males have (body composition) |
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Definition
Greater bone mass (denser)
Greater muscle-mass to body-mass ratio
Lower body-fat to body-mass ratio
More intra-abdominal (within the abdominal cavity) vs. subcutaneous fat (directly under this skin). |
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Term
| since men have greater bone mass |
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Definition
| Women greater risk osteoporosis |
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Term
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Definition
(number one cause of death in both men and women > 75y)
Onset later in women
Signs and symptoms of heart attack are different in women.
Traditional approaches used to treat heart disease (angioplasty and bypass surgery) less successful in women.
Women more likely to have a second heart attack within a year of the first one. |
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Term
The term autoimmune disease refers to a group of illnesses that have a similar underlying problem – the body’s immune system becomes misdirected and attacks specific tissues in the body.
70 - 80% of autoimmune diseases occur |
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Definition
women; who have more robust immune response This enhanced immune response may increase women’s resistance to many types of infection
This may relate to the higher occurrence of autoimmune diseases in women. |
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Term
| In multiple sclerosis, the body’s immune system |
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Definition
attacks fatty sheath that covers the nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord.MS in men and women
Ratio now 1:4 |
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Term
| Sperm without X chromosome fertilize ovum (X) result 2N-1 |
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Definition
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Term
| Ovum without X chromosome fertilized by sperm with X chromosome result 2N-1 |
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Definition
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Term
45 chromosomes
22 autosomal chromosome pairs (44)
1 unpaired sex chromosome |
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Definition
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Term
| Sperm with 1 X and 1 Y chromosome fertilize ovum (X) result 2N+1 |
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Definition
| Klinefelter Syndrome (2N+1) |
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Term
47 chromosomes
22 autosomal chromosome pairs (44)
3 sex chromosomes (XXY) |
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Definition
| Klinefelter Syndrome (2N+1) |
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Term
| Ovum with 2 X chromosomes fertilized by sperm with a Y chromosome result 2N+1 |
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Definition
| Klinefelter Syndrome (2N+1) |
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