Term
| 5 functions of the urinary system |
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Definition
1) filtrate blood
2) production, transport, storage of urine
3) regulate blood pressure and blood volume
4) production of hormones: erythropoietin, renin, calcitriol
5) regulate blood pH, ions, osmolarity |
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red urine
from eating too many beets |
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| kidney stones, high excretion of phosphate |
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| where the BVs and ureter the kidney |
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| transparent membrane that maintains the organ's shape |
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| helps protect from trauma, surrounds renal capsule |
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dense, irregular connective tissue that holds the kidney in place
most external layer |
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functional tissue of the kidney:
cortex and medulla: pyramids, columns, papillae |
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Definition
| drainage system of the kidney |
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Definition
| at the bottom of the papillae, where urine drains into major calyx |
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Definition
fran urine from minor calyces to top of ureter
3 minor drain to 1 major |
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Definition
| collecting sinus between major calyces and ureter |
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| pathway of urine from nephron to outside |
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Definition
| collecting duct of nephron --> papillae --> minor calyces --> major calyces --> renal pelvis --> ureter --> bladder --> urethra --> out |
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Definition
functional unit of the kidney
made up of: renal corpuscle, renal tubules, collecting ducts |
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Definition
| site of plasma filtration |
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Definition
capillaries where filtration occurs
tuft of BVs for large SA |
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Definition
between arterioles in glomerulus
regulate blood flow through capillaries |
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Term
| Fenestration pore of glomerulus |
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Definition
| hole in endothelium prevents filtration of blood cells, but allows components of plasma to pass |
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Term
| basal membrane of glomerulus |
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Definition
| prevents filtration of large proteins |
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| slit membrane of glomerulus |
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Definition
between pedicles of podocyte
prevents filtration of medium sized proteins
most outer layer |
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Term
| Glomerular (Bowman's) Capsule |
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Definition
double-walled epithelial cup that collects filtrate
podocytes cover capillaries to form visceral layer
simple squamous cells form parietal layer |
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Definition
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule |
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Definition
| drain urine into renal pelvis and ureter |
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Definition
diabetes
arteriole systemic hypertension
kidney disease
disease of collecting system: ascending urinary infections
genetic |
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Definition
single layer elithelial cells
features change due to function of region |
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| function of globerular capillaries |
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Definition
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| function of peritubular capillaries |
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Definition
branch of efferent arteriole
carry away reabsorpbed substances |
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Definition
branch of efferent arteriole
supply nutrients to medulla |
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Term
| blood pathway through kidney |
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Definition
| renal artery --> segmental arteries --> interlobar arteries (between columns) --> arcuate arteries (base of pyramid) --> interlobular arteries (in cortex) --> afferent arterioles --> glomerular capillaries --> efferent arterioles --> pertibular capillaries --> interlobular veins --> arcuate veins --> interlobar veins --> renal veins |
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Term
| juxtaglomerular apparatus |
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Definition
regulation of blood pressure
where afferent arteriole makes contact with ascending limb of Loop of Henle
renin production
pressure sensor muscle cells |
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Definition
disease of the glomerulus
defect of glomerular filtration
hypoalbuminimia = low albumen in blod, but high in urine, holes in glomerular epithelium |
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Term
| Nephronophthisis & Polycystic Kidney Disease |
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Definition
cystic (BIG holes) dieseases of the kidney
causes: protein defects in primary cilia on renal tubular epithelium |
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Definition
take blood and filter it outisde of the body then replace it
used for kidney failure |
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Definition
use peritoneal lining to filtrate the blood, need permanent catheter
treatment for kidney failure |
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Term
| glomerular filtration (amount) |
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Definition
filtration of plasma
150-180L of primary urine per day |
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Definition
99% of water is reabsorbed
1-2L final urine per day |
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controls water reabsorption of water from nephrons
without it, 10% increase in excreted urine per day
most absorbed in prosimal tubule |
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drugs, wastes, excess ions, creatinine
control blood pH |
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Definition
| sunstances that slow renal reabsorption of water and cause diuresis = inc urine flow rate |
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Definition
when physiological valve does not work:
bak up of urine into renal pelvis = infection
cause: straight ureter |
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Term
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Definition
mucosa- transitional epithelium, secretes mucus
muscularis- longitudinal and circular smooth muscle
adventitia layer- connective tissue with Bvs, LVs, nerves, anchors ureters in palce |
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Definition
| smooth, flat area in the shape of a tiangle, bordered by 2 urethral openings and 1 internal urethral opening |
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Term
| internal urethral opening |
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Definition
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| external urethral opening |
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Definition
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| lines bladder, smooth muscle contracts during urination and shuts ureter openings |
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Definition
mucosa- transitional epithelium + lamina propria
muscularis- (detrusor muscle)- innter longitudinal, middle circular, outer, longitudinal
adventitia layer- connective tissue that achors bladder in place |
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Term
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Definition
20 cm
3 regions: prostate, membranous, spongey/penile
circular smooth muscle = interal sphincter
urogenital diaphragm = external sphincter |
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Term
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Definition
4 cm
orifice between clitorice and vagina
transitional epithelium = nonkeratinized stratified squamous spithelium, circular muscle |
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