Term
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Definition
Internet Protocol version 4 is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol and the first version to be widely deployed.
IPv4 is a frequently used communications protocol and is one of the core protocols for the Internet.
IP resides on the network layer of the OSI model. |
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Term
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Definition
IP addresses consist of four octets (8-bits), each between 0 and 255.
In order for an IP address to function, there must be a properly configured IP address and compatible subnet mask.
To connect to the Internet (or any remote network), you will also need a gateway address and – optionally – a DNserver address.
Voir Class range |
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Term
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Definition
Usable addresses are always going to be two less than the mathematical amount.
The first and last addresses cannot be used.
For network 172.24.3.X
The 0 (in binary) for the host address is the entire network 172.24.3.0
The 1s (in binary) for the host address is the broadcast address 172.24.3.255
Class D and Class E are not used by regular hosts.
Class D is used for what is known as multicasting—transmitting data to multiple computers (or routers).
Class E was reserved for future use, but this has given way to IPv6 instead. |
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Term
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Definition
IP conflicts occur when two devices have been assigned the same IP address.
Windows Error: There is an IP address conflict with another system on the network.
If there is an IP address conflict, the devices will have problems sending and receiving data. |
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Term
Public and Private Addresses |
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Definition
IPv4 addresses are further classified as either public or private.
Public IP addresses are ones that are exposed to the Internet. Devices connected to the Internet can potentially communicate with them.
Private IP addresses are hidden from the Internet and any other networks. Usually behind an IP proxy or firewall device.
Voir tableau private addresses |
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Term
Static and Dynamic Addresses |
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Definition
| Static IP address are addresses that are manually assigned to a host. Dynamic IP addresses are more common than static IP addresses, whereas they automatically obtain an IP address (and other IP information). |
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Term
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Definition
Automatic Private IP Addressing
It uses a single Class B network number: 169.254.0.0
If a Windows client cannot get an IP address from a DHCP server and has not been configured statically, it will auto-assign a number on this network. |
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Term
Default Gateway and DNS Server |
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Definition
For a device to communicate on the Internet, a default gateway and DNS server must be assigned.
Default gateway
Provides a default route for TCP/IP hosts to use when communicating with hosts on remote networks.
The first IP address of the device that a client computer will look for when attempting to gain access outside the local network.
DNS Server
The server that provides name resolution of domain names to IP addresses. |
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Term
Network Address Translation |
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Definition
NAT provides a method for translating IPv4 addresses of devices on one network into IPv4 addresses of devices on a different network.
NAT was developed to provide a temporary solution to the IPv4 address issue.
Enables one address space (private) to be re-mapped to another address space, or perhaps re-mapped to a single public IP address. |
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Term
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Definition
Subnetting is the subdivision of your logical IP network.
By default, all computers are on one subnet or network with no divisions involved.
By modifying the default subnet mask, you can subnet your network into multiple smaller networks. |
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Term
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Definition
IPv6 is the new generation of IP addressing for the Internet.
Solves many of the limitations of IPv4, including address space and security.
Represented as 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits. Not backward compatible with IPv4.
128-bit system while IPv4 is only a 32-bit system
IPv4 allows approximately 4.3 billion IP addresses.
IPv6 allows 3.4 X 10^38 (340 undecillion) addresses. |
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Term
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Definition
Unicast address
Packet is delivered to a single network interface.
There are two types of unicast addresses:
Global unicast addresses are routable and displayed directly to the Internet.
Link local address are automatically configured addresses to communicate with devices on the same link (subnet).
Anycast address: Identifies multiple interfaces, but the packet is delivered to the nearest of the network interfaces (routing distance).
Multicast address: Packet is delivered to multiple network interfaces. |
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Term
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Definition
IPv6 addresses are broken down into three parts.
Site prefix
The first three groups of numbers that define the “network”.
Subnet ID
Defines the individual subnet of the network that the address is located on.
Interface ID
The individual host IP portion.
IPv6 Address: 2001:4860:0000:2001:0000:0000:0000:0068 |
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Term
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Definition
A dual IP stack exists when there are two Internet Protocol software implementations in an operating system :
one for IPv4 and another for IPv6.
Dual stack IP hosts can run IPv4 and IPv6 independently, or they can use a hybrid implementation, which is the most commonly used method for modern operating systems. |
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Term
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Definition
IPv4-mapped addresses have
- the first 80 bits set to 0
- the next 16 set to 1 (shown as ffff)
- the last 32 bits populated by the IPv4 address
These addresses look like IPv6 addresses, other than the last 32 bits, which are written in the customary dot-decimal notation.
IPv4-mapped IPv6 address for address 10.254.254.1 is ::ffff:10.254.254.1 |
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Term
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Definition
IPv6 packets can be encapsulated inside IPv4 datagrams.
In Microsoft operating systems, this is generally done with the Teredo adapter, which is a virtual adapter or “pseudo-interface,” not a physical network adapter.
An example of one of these addresses would be:
Fe80::5efe:10.0.0.2%2 |
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