Term
| When did Teddy Roosevelt sign the meat inspection act? |
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Definition
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Term
| What year was the Poultry Inspection Act enacted? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the Wholesome Meat Act enacted? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 things did the Meat Inspection Act achieve? |
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Definition
- Established states' right to provide meat and poultry inspection
-Systematized city and county inspection programs
-Gave USDA authority over brokers, storage facilities, etc. |
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Term
| When was the Wholesome Poultry Act enacted? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the Curtis (custom slaughter) Act of 1968 accomplish? (2) |
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Definition
-Prohibits any sale of custom products
-Requires the use of custom products by owner's family and non-paying guests |
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Term
| What does the Humane Slaughter Act of 1978 mandate? |
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Definition
| Animals be insensitive to pain prior to killing |
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Term
| 4 approved methods of stunning animals prior to slaughter? |
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Definition
- electrical
- gunshot
- captive bolt
- carbon dioxide |
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Term
| Is antemortem inspection done before or after slaughter? |
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Definition
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Term
| With respect to slaughter, what day should the antemortem inspection take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| If an animal has an abnormal breathing pattern on antemortme inspection, what should be done with the animal? |
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Definition
| It should be isolated as a suspect |
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Term
| What must be done with downer cows at antemortem inspection? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 possible antemortem dispositions? |
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Definition
1. Pass for regular slaughter
2. Pass for slaughter as ODA/US suspect
3. ODA/US condemned |
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Term
| What is done with a cow in which ocular SCC is found on antemortem slaughter inspection? |
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Definition
| ODA/US suspect unless extensive necrosis |
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Term
| What happens to a cow which displays CNS signs on antemortem inspection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to a cow with abnormal posture and dyspnea on antemortem slaughter inspection? |
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Definition
| ODA/US suspect unless obviously systemic |
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Term
| What happens to a cow with cachexia on antemortem slaughter inspection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when a cow has pyrexia on antemortem slaughter exam? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to an animal that has icterus on Post-Mortem exam? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when a cow has metastatic melanoma on post-mortem exam? |
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Definition
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Term
| Will a cow with ocular SCC discovered on post-mortem exam be ODA/US condemned? |
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Definition
| Only if there is metastasis or extensive bone involvement |
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Term
| What does SSOP stand for? |
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Definition
| Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures |
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Term
| What does HACCP stand for? |
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Definition
| Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points |
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Term
| Who performs in-plant residue testing on meat with injection site lesions? |
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Definition
| on-site veterinarians (results in 24 hours) |
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Term
| What are 4 microbiology sampling programs of meat plants? |
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Definition
- Monthly pathogen screens
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Salmonella
- E. coli 0157 |
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Term
| In what year did the ODA get the first positive sample for E. Coli 0157 from an Ohio meat plant? |
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Definition
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Term
| what 7 things are required to be on a meat label? |
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Definition
1. Product Name
2. Ingredient Statement
3. Plant address
4. Net weight statement
5. Inspection legend
6. Handling statement
7. Safe handling statement |
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Term
| What type of product gets a safe handling label? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most regulated food in America? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the standard milk ordinance/pasteurized milk ordinance developed? |
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Definition
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Term
| who suggests/modifies the rules of milk production? How often do they meet? |
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Definition
| National Conference on Interstate milk Shipments (NCIMS). Every 2 years. |
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Term
| What ordinance is the recognized national standard for milk sanitation? |
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Definition
| Pasteurized Milk Ordinance (PMO) |
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Term
| Does the FDA have jurisdiction in the enforcement of milk sanitation standards? |
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Definition
| No. Except on milk products shipped across state lines. |
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Term
| What is the only grade of milk that can be sold as liquid milk, cottage cheese, and yogurt? |
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Definition
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Term
| What % of milk made in US is Grade A milk? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the Grade A milk qualifications for the following parameters?
- Cooling
- Bacterial limits
- Coliforms
- Antibiotics
- Somatic Cell Count |
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Definition
- Cooling = <7C within 2 hrs after milk
- Bacterial limits = <100,000 col/ml
- Coliforms = <750 col/ml
- Antibiotics = no positive results
- Somatic Cell = <750,000 cells/ml |
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Term
| How often are farms inspected by the PMO? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 4 things should be listed on drugs used on lactating cows? |
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Definition
- Directions for use
- Witholding times
- Cautionary Statements
- Active ingredients |
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Term
| What are the 2 goals of pasteurization? |
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Definition
1. Destroy pathogenic microorganisms in milk
2. Enhance shelf life of milk and milk products |
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Term
| Does pasteurization sterilize milk? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organisms do current pasteurization standards aim to inactivate? |
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Definition
| Coxiella burnetti (Q Fever organism) |
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Term
| At what rate are bacteria killed during pasteurization? |
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Definition
| Bacteria are killed at a rate that is proportional to their number |
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Term
| Before widespread pasteurization what % of illness was caused by milkborne pathogens? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 examples of preharvest milk contamination? |
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Definition
1. systemic disease
2. mastitis |
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Term
| What are 4 examples of postharvest milk contamination? |
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Definition
1. fecal contamination during milking
2. storage
3. distribution
4. processing |
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Term
| Does the risk:benefit ratio make it worth drinking raw milk? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who regulates the sale of raw milk within a state? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the interstate sale of raw milk allowed? |
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Definition
| No. The FDA banned it in 1987. |
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Term
| How many states currently allow the sale of raw milk? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a cow-share agreement? |
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Definition
| Consumers pay a farmer a fee for boarding their cow, caring for their cow, and milking their cow. The cow share owner then obtains the milk from his own cow (without having to purchase it). |
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Term
| Is the sale of raw milk legal in Ohio? |
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Definition
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Term
| What % of milk consumed by humans in the US is raw milk? |
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Definition
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Term
| Between 1973-1992, how many raw milk outbreaks were reported to the CDC? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the fastest growing sector of US agriculture in the 1990's? |
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Definition
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Term
| In 2005, how many states had certified organic farmland? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did congress pass the organic food production act? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What was the purpose of the Organic Food Production Act of 1990? |
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Definition
| To require the USDA to develop national standards for organically produced agricultural products. |
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Term
| What are the 2 goals of the USDA National Organic Program? |
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Definition
1. Assurance of organic integrity
2. Uniformity of organic standards |
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Term
| When can the organic food labels be used? |
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Definition
| When the food is 100% organic (or multiple ingredients are 95-100% organic) |
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Term
| Organic is a ________ claim |
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Definition
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Term
| Is organic a food safety claim? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is the transitioning period for organic plant farms to become organic? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is the transitioning period for livestock farms to become organic? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long must certified organic foods be raised under organic conditions? |
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Definition
| From the final 3rd of gestation OR from hatching |
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Term
| What is the healthcare based on for organic products? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the producer allowed to withold medical treatment from a sick animal if it is an animal raised for organic production? |
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Definition
| No. They must treat it and put it in conventional production. |
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Term
| Which milk must conform to higher health standards - conventional milk or organic milk? |
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Definition
| They must both conform to the same standards |
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Term
| What kind of milk must calves raised for organic purposes be fed? |
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Definition
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Term
| How often do organic cows over 6 months old have to have access to pasture? How much of their diet must come from pasture? |
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Definition
| At least 120 days. At least 30% of diet from dry matter intake during grazing season. |
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Term
| What is the irradiation of food? |
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Definition
| The process of exposing food to ionizing radiation to disinfect, sterilize, or preserve food |
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Term
| Is the irradition of food allowed in organic food handling? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the 3 different technologies of food irradiation? |
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Definition
- Electron beams
- Gamma rays
- X rays |
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Term
| Are parasites and insects sensisitive to irradiation |
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Definition
| Yes. They are rapidly killed by low doses of irradiation. |
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Term
| Are bacteria sensitive to food irradiation? |
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Definition
| No. bacteria require high doses of irradiation to be killed. |
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Term
| Are viruses sensitive to food irradiation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are prions very sensitive to irraditaion? |
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Definition
| No. Prions are not affected by irradiation. |
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Term
| What unit is used to measure the dose of irradiation? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what unit is the killing of organisms by irradiation measured in? |
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Definition
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Term
| 1-D of irradiation kills equals how many organisms killed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is irradition a food additive or a process done to food? |
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Definition
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Term
| What agencies must approve the use of food irradition? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Do irradiated foods become radioactive? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Is food irradiation a replacement to proper food handling techniques? |
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Definition
| No, it is just a complement to it. |
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Term
| What relative humidity is ideal for animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common gas in livestock buildings (it comes from manure and is lighter than air). |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the deadliest gas in livestock buildings (usually present in manure pits and is heavier than air)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 4 of the most common problems in Small Animal Housing? |
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Definition
1. High Ammonia levels
2. Ventilation system not working
3. Overstocking of animals
4. Drafts from fans and air vents |
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Term
| How often should air exchanges in a room take place? |
|
Definition
| 10-15 room air exchanges per hour. |
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Term
| How much do you have to increase air temperature to cut humidity in half? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What type of veltilation works best in horse facilities? |
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Definition
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