Term
What developes?
Phoneme Development |
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Definition
basic sounds of language
must both percieve and produce |
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Definition
Units of meaning
both free and bound morphemes |
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Definition
| Structure and rules of language |
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Definition
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Definition
| using language effectively |
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Term
| Methods used to study language development? |
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Definition
parental reports
natural observations
diaries
experiments |
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Term
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Definition
hearing the sounds of language
-tuning into langauge throughout the first year
-r and l in japanese babies |
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Term
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Definition
| based on being able to pick up subtle acoustic differences like volume change in the english language and frequeny changed in Chinese |
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Term
| Progression of sound development |
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Definition
consonant sounds: from front to back of mouth
vowel sounds: from back to front |
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Term
| when does one word stage happen? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| infant and adult have different referents |
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Definition
| single words stand for two phrases |
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Definition
| words selected are the most important for the meaning |
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Definition
progressed
children are saying whole, multiword sentences
they've learned all of the laguage's syntax |
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Term
| theories of language development |
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Definition
behavioral theory
imitation theory
hypothesis testing (language acquisition Device-LAD)
- NOam Chomsky |
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Term
MORAL REASONING
Moral behavior depends on |
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Definition
| socialization and congitive development |
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Term
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Definition
| presented moral dilemmas to children and studied how their answers changed with development |
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Term
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Definition
Level 1- preconventional
stage 1- Rules obeyed for own sake to avoid punishment
Stage 2: follow rules when in doing so is in one's best interest
level 2: conventional
Stage 3: good boy/good girl:one must live up to what is expected of them
Stage 4: Law and Order- must uphold laws |
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Term
| Kohlberg's stages Level 3: post conventional |
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Definition
Stage 5: being aware that people hold a variety of values
Stage 6: Understanding universal principles but also the importance of following self-chosen principles |
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Term
Development of Peer relationships
between 2-4 years? |
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Definition
children demonstrate an increasing aswareness and responsiveness to other children
(cooperative play increases) |
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Term
Development of Peer Relationships
By 5 years? |
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Definition
Cooperative play and social interaction are common
-they have increased opportunities for interaction
-encouraged by parents to interact
-greater likelihood for mutual reinforcement
-decreasing egocentrism |
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Term
Development of Peer Relationships
By 6 to 7 years |
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Definition
Developtment of group behavior and social groups
-recognize shared norms
-divide labor and play practices
-true cooperative play and work
-Pride in group identification
-status differences
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Term
Children's status groups
Stars: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| while not stars, they're the most popular |
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Term
Children's status groups
Controversial/Peripheral Groups: |
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Definition
| recieve both good and bad comments. Often they have a good intimate group of friends but their status isnt high |
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Term
Children's Status groups
Neglected: |
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Definition
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Term
Children's status groups:
Rejected/social isolate: |
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Definition
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Term
| What determines popularity in children? |
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Definition
Physical attractiveness
names
homes and parents
children's social behaviors |
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Term
Jean PIaget
When was the first Jean Piaget cognitive theory developed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Jean Piaget's theory was very _____ and includes concepts of _____, _____,_____, and ______ |
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Definition
broad
includes language, scientific reasoning, moral development, and memory |
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Term
| Piaget's theory focuses on ____ and ____ |
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Definition
| nature and nurture with continuities and discontinuities in development |
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Term
| According to PIaget, do children need reinforcement or motivation from adults to learn? |
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Definition
| NO. they naturally want to do it and construct their own knowledge in response to experience |
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Term
| An Overview of Piaget's theory |
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Definition
- intelligence is a form of biological adaptation
-learning is a process of adaptation
-schemes: peoples current knowledge base
-assimilation: People translate incoming information into a form they can understand
accomodation: people change current knowledge structures in response to new experience
equilibration: People balance assimilation and accommodation to create stable understanding |
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Term
Major stages in PIaget's theory
stages are: |
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Definition
Universal
invariant
heirarchically related |
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Term
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Definition
Sensorimotor (til 2)
Preoperations (2-7)
concrete operations(7-11)
formal operations (11-15) |
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Term
| All about the sensorimotor stage |
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Definition
-behavior goes from reflexive to voluntary
behavior goes from external to internal
gradual seperate means from ends (stragtegies from goals) |
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Term
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Definition
1. reflexes
2. repetitive motions
3. extended repetitive motions
4. Old Means-ends
5. new Means-ends
6. Mental Representations |
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Term
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Definition
goes from point to point
ex: "when dad turns on the water he's going to shave"
sometimes works against
"Amanda's mom is sick so my mom is sick too" |
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Term
| Children are egocentric in what ways? |
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Definition
language
perspective
thought
emotions
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Term
| 3 Problems with Piaget's work? |
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Definition
work was quite subjective
not aware of language problems
over-stated the lack of skills |
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Term
| What did Piaget study later? |
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Definition
Conservation tasks: objects remain the same even when their outward appearance changes
(based on clinical method) |
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