Term
| Mitosis: occurs in what cells, its goal |
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Definition
*somatic cells: liver, spleen, bone
*distribute DNA equally between daughter cells |
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Term
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Definition
1.DNA replication
2. double # of organelles 3.parent cell readies itself to divide |
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Term
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Definition
1.G1-Gap1: regular maintenance, protein production; cells that don't divide stay in this phase
2.S-Synthesis: DNA replication, doubling organelles & proteins 3.G2-Gap2: resting period before parent cell divides |
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Term
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Definition
| *chromatin condenses to chromosomes *chromos pair w/homologue joined @ centromere *centrioles move to oppo. ends of parent cell making microtubules *nuclear mem dissolves, spindles grab centromeres |
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Term
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Definition
| *chromos. line up on metaphase plate *1 centriole grabs 1 sister chromo, other centriole grabs onto oppo. sister |
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Term
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Definition
| *centrioles move further apart *sister chromos separate, pulled apart & to oppo ends of cells by spindle fibers |
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Term
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Definition
*chromos uncoil become chromatin as daughter nuclei form, nuclear mem forms
*actual separation of daughter cells, cleavage furrow |
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Term
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Definition
| *cell division *daughter cell splits from each other *cleavage furrow & centrioles push against each other to help split |
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Term
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Definition
| *division of gametes *doubling DNA not organelles *daughter cells not indentical: genetic variability |
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Term
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Definition
| *DNA synthesis (replication) |
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Term
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Definition
| *chromatin condenses -> chromos *centrioles separate *nuclear mem falls apart *genetic material exchange: crossing over |
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Term
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Definition
| *chromos. on metaphase plate *crossing over can occur *spindle fibers begin to form |
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Term
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Definition
| *spindle fibers pull chromos. apart (homologous pairs stay together) |
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Term
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Definition
| *cleavage furrow *nuclear mem doesn't form & chromos don't uncoil *cytokinesis |
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Term
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Definition
| *mitotic spindles reappear *no breakdown of nuc mem, centrioles stay @ oppo ends |
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Term
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Definition
| *chromos line up @ equator |
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Term
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Definition
| *sister chromatids separate @ centromere (same as mitosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| *cleavage furrow *cytokinesis *nuc mem forms *chromos uncoil into chromatin |
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Term
| 3 Sources Genetic Variability |
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Definition
| 1.Crossing Over: Prophase I/Metaphase I, identical lengths of homologous chromos exchanging palces 2.Independent Assortment: Metaphase I, maternal & paternal chromos line up randomly on metaphase plate 3.Fertilization: 1 of 8 mil eggs, 1 of 8 mil sperm= 70 trillion possibilities |
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Term
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Definition
| *sperm: acrosomal enzyme chew thru outer mem of egg, inner mem pierced, signals sent across to prevent other sperm penetration *zygote formed @ time of fert. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1.Cleavage 2.Gastrulation 3.Organogenesis 4.Growth |
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Term
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Definition
| *splitting of or dividing *animal pole-darker vegetal pole-lighter (yolk) *blastocoel: fluid-filled cavity in animal pole |
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Term
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Definition
| *blastula becomes 3 diff layers: *ectoderm-outer, animal pole move to outside of cell as cell division occurs *skin & nervous cells *mesoderm-middle, move toward embryo, cell movement begins *dorsal lip moves up towards animal pole *bone, veins, reproductive system, kidneys *endoderm-inner, vegetal pole *lungs, lining of digestive tract, heart |
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Term
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Definition
| *refinement & maturation of organs 1.Induction- intercellular communication (what to be, where cell should go, when should cell move), 2 types of signals: protein & molecular 2.Morphogenesis- morphogens:chemical signal generate by cell assuming final shape, neural tube form to form spinal cord 3.Cell differentiation- cell becomes specialized in function |
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Term
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Definition
| *maturation of cells *tissues/organs assume final size *mitotic cell division |
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