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| The musculoskeletal system consists of the body's |
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Definition
| bones, joints, and muscles. |
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Term
| Humans need tThe musculoskeletal system for (5 things) |
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Definition
| (1) for support to stand erect and (2) for movement. The musculoskeletal system also functions (3) to encase and protect the inner vital organs (e.g., brain, spinal cord, heart), (4) to produce the red blood cells in the bone marrow (hematopoiesis), and (5) as a reservoir for storage of essential minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus in the bones. |
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| _______ is hard, rigid, and very dense. Its cells are continually turning over and remodeling. |
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Definition
| is the place of union of two or more bones. |
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| the bones are united by fibrous tissue or cartilage and are immovable (e.g., the sutures in the skull) or only slightly movable (e.g., the vertebrae). |
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| these joints are freely movable because they have bones that are separated from each other and are enclosed in a joint cavity |
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| this joint has a cavity that is filled with a lubricant, |
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| It is a very stable connective tissue with a slow cell turnover. It has a tough, firm consistency, yet is flexible. |
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| fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another that strengthen the joint and help prevent movement in undesirable directions. |
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| an enclosed sac filled with viscous synovial fluid, much like a joint. |
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| Muscles are of three types |
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Definition
| skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. |
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Term
| composed of bundles of muscle fibers, or fasciculi. |
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Term
| The skeletal muscle is attached to bone by a |
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| Skeletal muscles produce the following movements |
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Definition
1 Flexion—bending a limb at a joint
2 Extension—straightening a limb at a joint
3 Abduction—moving a limb away from the midline of the body
4 Adduction—moving a limb toward the midline of the body
5 Pronation—turning the forearm so that the palm is down
6 Supination—turning the forearm so that the palm is up
7 Circumduction—moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
8 Inversion—moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
9 Eversion—moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
10 Rotation—moving the head around a central axis
11 Protraction—moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
12 Retraction—moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
13 Elevation—raising a body part
14 Depression—lowering a body part |
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Term
| e 33 connecting bones stacked in a vertical column |
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Definition
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Term
| Humans have ____cervical, ____ thoracic, ___ lumbar, ____ sacral, and ____ or ___ coccygeal vertebrae. |
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Term
| The spinous processes of C7 and T1 are prominent at |
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Term
| The inferior angle of the scapula normally is at the level of the interspace between |
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| An imaginary line connecting the highest point on each iliac crest crosses |
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Definition
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| The cervical and lumbar curves are |
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Definition
| concave (inward or anterior) |
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| he thoracic and sacrococcygeal curves are |
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Definition
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| elastic fibrocartilaginous plates that constitute one fourth of the length of the column |
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| The motions of the vertebral column are |
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Definition
| flexion (bending forward), extension (bending back), abduction (to either side), and rotation. |
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Term
| the articulation of the humerus with the glenoid fossa of the scapula |
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Definition
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Term
| The joint is enclosed by a group of four powerful muscles and tendons that support and stabilize it. Together these are called the |
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Definition
| rotator cuff of the shoulder. |
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Term
| helps during abduction of the arm, so that the greater tubercle of the humerus moves easily under the acromion process of the scapula. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ and the _____ connect to form the shoulder girdle. |
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Definition
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Term
| You can feel the bump of the scapula's ____ _____ at the very top of the shoulder |
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Definition
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| You can feel the bump of the scapula's ______ process at the very top of the shoulder. Move your fingers in a small circle outward, down, and around. The next bump is the ____ ____ of the humerus a few centimeters down and laterally, and from that the ______ process of the scapula is a few centimeters medially. These surround the deeply situated joint. |
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Definition
| acromion, greater tubercle, coracoid |
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Term
| palpable landmarks of the elbow |
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Definition
| medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus and the large olecranon process of the ulna in between them. |
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Term
| The sensitive _____ nerve runs between the olecranon process and the medial epicondyle |
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| which joint is the articulation between the two parallel rows of carpal bones. It allows flexion, extension, and some rotation. |
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Definition
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| which 2 joints permit finger flexion and extension? |
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Definition
| metacarpophalangeal and the interphalangeal |
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Term
| which joint is the articulation between the acetabulum and the head of the femur |
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Definition
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Term
| . You can feel the entire iliac crest, from the __ ___ ___ ___ to the posterior. |
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Definition
| anterior superior iliac spine ASIS |
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Term
| WHAT lies under the gluteus maximus muscle and is palpable when the hip is flexed. |
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Definition
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| WHAT LANDMARK of the femur is normally the width of the person's palm below the iliac crest and halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the ischial tuberosity. Feel it when the person is standing, in a flat depression on the upper lateral side of the thigh. |
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Definition
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Term
| The knee's synovial membrane is the largest in the body. It forms a sac at the superior border of the patella, called the _____ ____ which extends up as much as 6 cm behind the quadriceps muscle. |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT Two wedge-shaped cartilages cushion the tibia and femur. |
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Definition
| medial and lateral menisci |
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Term
| The knee is stabilized by which 2 sets of ligaments |
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Definition
| cruciate ligaments, collateral ligaments |
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Term
| a small, triangular fat pad below the patella behind the patellar ligament. |
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| what is the articulation of the tibia, fibula, and talus |
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Definition
| The ankle, or tibiotalar joint |
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Definition
| the medial malleolus and the lateral malleolus |
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Definition
| s a cyclic process of bone resorption and deposition. |
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Definition
| gradual loss of bone density |
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Term
| (complete loss of contact between the two bones in a joint) |
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Definition
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Term
| (two bones in a joint stay in contact but their alignment is off |
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Definition
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Term
| (shortening of a muscle leading to limited ROM of joint), |
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Term
| (stiffness or fixation of a joint). |
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| an audible and palpable crunching or grating that accompanies movement. It occurs when the articular surfaces in the joints are roughened, as with rheumatoid arthritis |
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| This is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease of joints and surrounding connective tissue. Inflammation of synovial membrane leads to thickening; then to fibrosis, which limits motion; and finally to bony ankylosis. |
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Definition
| Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) |
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Term
| Chronic, progressive inflammation of spine, sacroiliac, and larger joints of the extremities, leading to bony ankylosis and deformity. A form of RA, this affects primarily men by a 10 : 1 ratio, in late adolescence or early adulthood. |
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Definition
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Term
| Noninflammatory, localized, progressive disorder involving deterioration of articular cartilages and subchondral bone and formation of new bone (osteophytes) at joint surfaces. |
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Definition
| Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease) |
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Term
| Decrease in skeletal bone mass occurring when rate of bone resorption is greater than that of bone formation. The weakened bone state increases risk for stress fractures, especially at wrist, hip, and vertebrae. |
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Definition
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Term
| Wrist in extreme flexion, due to severe rheumatoid arthritis. This is a functionally useless hand because when the wrist is palmar flexed, a good deal of power is lost from the fingers and the thumb cannot oppose the fingers. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lateral curvature of thoracic and lumbar segments of the spine, usually with some rotation of involved vertebral bodies. |
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Definition
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Term
| Each disk center has a_____ _____made of soft, semifluid, mucoid material that has the consistency of toothpaste in the young adult. |
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Definition
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Term
| elastic fibrocartilaginous plates that constitute one fourth of the length of the column |
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Definition
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Term
| An enhanced thoracic curve |
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Definition
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| A pronounced lumbar curve |
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