Term
| what are the 3 personality profiles produced by the scientist Galen based on "humors" |
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Definition
| phlegmatic (calm and unemotional), sanguine (light-hearted and unemotional), melancholic (creative and depressive), and choleric (energetic and passionate) |
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Term
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Definition
| Personality can be described operationally in terms of functioning. Personality, then, determines the quality of experiences among people and serves as a guide for one-to-one interaction and in social groups. |
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Term
| define personality disorder |
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Definition
| an enduring pattern of experience and behavior that deviates significantly from the expectations within the individual's culture |
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Term
| Personality disorders are categorized as which Axis on the DSM-IV-TR? |
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Definition
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Term
| . Individuals who meet criteria for personality disorders exhibit consistent difficulty in which three areas of day-to-day functioning: |
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Definition
| thoughts and emotions, participation in interpersonal relationships, and managing impulses. |
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Term
| Some people who have a personality disorder believe that their problems originate |
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Definition
| in others, not themselves as they are not always aware that they relate to others in unusual ways or show unusual attitudes towards situations. |
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Term
| There are how many main clusters of personality disorders? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the cluster A personality disorders |
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Definition
| paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder. Persons diagnosed with these disorders share characteristics of eccentric and odd behaviors, such as social isolation and detachment. |
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Term
| what is Paranoid personality disorder |
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Definition
| characterized by distrust and suspiciousness toward others based on the belief (unsupported by evidence) that others want to exploit, harm, or deceive the person. These individuals are hypervigilant, anticipate hostility, and may provoke hostile responses by initiating a “counterattack.” They demonstrate jealousy, controlling behaviors, and unwillingness to forgive. |
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Term
| what is Schizoid personality disorder |
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Definition
| The person with this disorder does not seek out or enjoy close relationships. This individual may be able to function in a solitary occupation but shows indifference to praise or criticism from others. Depersonalization may occur as a result of the person's limited interactions with others. |
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Term
| Schizoid personality disorder can be a precursor to which disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is Schizotypal personality disorder |
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Definition
| it is expressed in strikingly odd characteristics, including magical thinking, derealization, perceptual distortions, and rigid, peculiar ideas. Responding inappropriately to cultural social cues is common for these individuals. Speech patterns may be distinctive and bizarre. |
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Term
| Name the Cluster B personality disorders |
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Definition
| antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder. Persons diagnosed with cluster B personality disorders show patterns of responding to life demands with dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior |
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Term
| what is Antisocial personality disorder |
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Definition
| Antisocial personality disorder has the main features of consistent disregard for others through exploitation and repeated unlawful actions. In the past, persons with antisocial personality disorder have been called psychopaths or sociopaths. There is a clear history of conduct disorder in childhood, and the individuals show no remorse for hurting others. They repeatedly neglect responsibilities, tell lies, and perform destructive or illegal acts without developing any insight into predictable consequences. |
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Term
| what is Borderline personality disorder |
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Definition
| The major features of this disorder are patterns of marked instability in emotion regulation, interpersonal relationships, impulsivity, identity or self-image distortions, and unstable mood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Splitting, the primary defense or coping style used by persons with borderline personality disorder, is the inability to incorporate positive and negative aspects of oneself or others into a whole image. |
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Term
name this defense/coping style:
the individual may tend to idealize another person (friend, lover, health care professional) at the start of a new relationship, hoping that this person will meet all of his or her needs. But at the first disappointment or frustration, the individual quickly shifts to devaluation, despising the other person. |
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Definition
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Term
| which disorder is marked by emotional attention-seeking behavior in which the person needs to be the center of attention. |
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Definition
| Histrionic Personality Disorder |
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Term
| describe Histrionic Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| The person with histrionic personality disorder is impulsive and melodramatic and may act flirtatious or provocative. Relationships do not last, because the partner often feels smothered or reacts to the insensitivity of the histrionic person. The individual with histrionic personality disorder does not have insight into his or her role in breaking up relationships and may seek treatment for depression or another comorbid condition. |
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Term
| which disorder has the primary feature of arrogance with a grandiose view of self-importance. |
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Definition
| Narcissistic Personality Disorder |
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Term
| describe Narcissistic Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| The individual with this disorder has a need for constant admiration, along with a lack of empathy for others, which strains most relationships. These individuals experience a feeling of personal entitlement; when paired with their lack of social empathy, it may result in the exploitation of other people, particularly vulnerable individuals |
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Term
| name the Cluster C personality disorders |
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Definition
Avoidant personality disorder
dependent personality disorder
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorde |
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Term
| describe cluster C personality disordesr |
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Definition
| Persons with cluster C personality disorders show patterns of anxious and fearful behaviors, rigid patterns of social shyness, hypersensitivity, need for orderliness, and relationship dependency |
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Term
| what is Avoidant Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| The central characteristics are an extreme sensitivity to rejection and robust avoidance of interpersonal situations. A timid temperament in infancy and childhood may be associated with this disorder. These individuals demonstrate poor self-confidence and are prone to misinterpreting others’ feedback because they are overly sensitive to rejection. Although they strongly desire close interpersonal relationships, they avoid them. |
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Term
| what is Dependent Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| These individuals find it difficult to sustain autonomy and often seek out relationships in which they can be taken care of, whether the relationship is personal, professional, or therapeutic. In this context, they may look for ways to fuse themselves with the identity of the other individual, sometimes leading to an experience referred to as folie à deux (“madness between two”), which is a shared delusional belief by two persons |
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Term
| which disorder has persons with a pattern of establishing relationships in which they are submissive, passive, self-doubting, and avoid self-responsibility. |
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Definition
| Dependent Personality Disorder |
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Term
| which disorder has the key characteristic of perfectionism with a focus on orderliness and control. |
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Definition
| Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder |
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Term
| what is Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| Individuals with this disorder become so preoccupied with details and rules that they may not be able to accomplish a given task. Although a degree of obsessive-compulsive behavior can be productive in some occupations, it creates tension in close relationships, in which the person tries to control the partner. |
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Term
| what are the 3 distinctions between Axis 1 OCD and Axis 2 obsessive-compulsive personality disorder? |
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Definition
| hoarding behaviors, perfectionism, and preoccupation with details occur much less frequently in Axis2- OCPD than in OCD |
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Term
| About what percentage of the US population falls under at least one category of personality disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| Psychoanalytic theory focuses on the use of primitive defense mechanisms by individuals with personality disorders. Defense mechanisms such as what? |
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Definition
| repression, suppression, regression, undoing, and splitting have been identified as dominant |
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Term
| Behavioral genetics research has shown that about half of the variance accounting for personality traits emerges from what? |
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Definition
| the environment of the individual |
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Term
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Definition
| our tendency to respond to challenges in predictable ways. Descriptors of temperament may be “laid back,” referring to a calm temperament, or “uptight” as an example of an anxious temperament. These characteristics remain stable throughout a person's life. |
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Term
| which disorder may be found in people who grew up in households where they were the objects of excessive rage and humiliation, which resulted in feelings of inadequacy. Projection is the dominant defense mechanism; they blame others for their shortcomings. |
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Definition
| Paranoid personality disorder |
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Term
| which disorder may be based on a genetic predisposition to shyness. People with this disorder are often raised in a cold and neglectful atmosphere in which they may conclude that relationships are unsatisfying and unnecessary. |
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Definition
| Schizoid personality disorder |
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Term
| which disorder is a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and genetically linked. There is a higher incidence of schizophrenia-related disorders in family members of people with schizotypal personality disorder. |
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Definition
| Schizotypal personality disorder |
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Term
| which disorder is genetically linked, and twin studies indicate a predisposition to this disorder. This predisposition is set into motion by a childhood environment of inconsistent parenting, significant abuse, and extreme neglect. |
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Definition
| Antisocial personality disorder |
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Term
| which disorders traditionally have been thought to develop as a result of early abandonment, which results in an unstable view of self and others. This abandonment is made more intense by a biological predisposition, and twin studies identify a heritability of 69%. |
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Definition
| Borderline personality disorders |
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Term
| which disorder has been explained psychodynamically as beginning at 3 to 5 years of age with an overly intense attachment to the opposite sex parent, which results in fear of retaliation by the same sex parent. Inborn character traits such as emotional expressiveness and egocentricity have also been identified as predisposing an individual to this disorder. |
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Definition
| Histrionic personality disorder |
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Term
| which disorder may be the result of childhood neglect and criticism. The child does not learn that other people can be the sources of comfort and support. As adults, they hide feelings of emptiness with an exterior of invulnerability and self-sufficiency. Little is known about inborn traits or heritability for this disorder. |
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Definition
| Narcissistic personality disorder |
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Term
| which disorder has been linked with parental and peer rejection and criticism. A biological predisposition to anxiety and physiological arousal in social situations has also been suggested. Genetically, this disorder may be part of a continuum of disorders related to social phobia (social anxiety disorder). |
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Definition
| Avoidant personality disorder |
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Term
| which disorder may be the result of chronic physical illness or punishment of independent behavior in childhood. The inherited trait of submissiveness may also be a factor, which has been found to be 45% heritable. |
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Definition
| Dependent personality disorder |
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Term
| Which disorder may be because of excessive parental criticism, control, and shame? The child responds to this negativity by trying to control his environment through perfectionism and orderliness. Heritable traits such as compulsivity, oppositionality, lack of emotional expressiveness, and perfectionism have all been implicated in this disorder. |
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Definition
| obsessive-compulsive personality disorder |
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Term
| What is the common tool for the personality disorder assessment interview? |
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Definition
| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) |
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Term
| what should never be ruled out as the cause for problem behavior until the testing data supports ruling it out? |
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Definition
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Term
| name 2 Pertinent categories of nursing outcomes based on the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) |
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Definition
| Aggression Self-Control, Impulse Self-Control, Social Interaction Skills, Fear Level, Abusive Behavior Self-Restraint, and Self-Mutilation Restraint |
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Term
| What is the primary Milieu management goal for people with personality disorders? |
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Definition
| The primary goal is management of the patient's affect in a group context. Community meetings, coping skills groups, and socializing groups are all helpful for these patients. They have the opportunity to interact with peers and staff to discuss goals and learn problem-solving skills. |
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Term
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Definition
| stablishing the parameters of desirable and acceptable patient behavior |
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Term
| define: Anger Control Assistance |
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Definition
| Facilitation of the expression of anger in an adaptive, nonviolent manner |
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Term
| Define: impulse control training |
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Definition
| Assisting the patient to mediate impulsive behavior through application of problem-solving strategies to social and interpersonal situations |
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Term
| 3 main drug categories for patients with personality disorders |
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Definition
| Depending on the chief complaint, antidepressant, anxiolytic, or antipsychotic medication may be ordered |
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Term
| what is dialectical behavior therapy (DBT |
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Definition
| DBT combines cognitive and behavioral techniques with mindfulness, which emphasizes being aware of thoughts and actively shaping them. The goals of DBT are to increase the patient's ability to manage distress, improve interpersonal effectiveness skills, and enhance the therapist's effectiveness in working with this population. |
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Term
1. A patient complains that most staff do not like her or care what happens to her, but you are special and she can tell that you are a caring person. She talks with you about being unsure of what she wants to do with her life and her “mixed-up feelings” about relationships. When you tell her that you will be on vacation next week, she becomes very angry. Two hours later, she is found using a curling iron to burn her underarms and explains that it “makes the numbness stop.” Given this presentation, you would deduce that this patient most likely has which personality disorder?
1. Histrionic
2. Borderline
3. Dependent
4. Schizotypal |
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Definition
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Term
2. Which statement about persons with personality disorders is accurate?
1. They, unlike those with mood or psychotic disorders, are at very low risk of suicide.
2. They tend not to perceive themselves as having a problem but instead believe their problems are caused by how others behave toward them.
3. They are believed to be purely psychological disorders, that is, disorders arising from psychological rather than neurological or other physiological abnormalities.
4. Their symptoms are not as disabling as most other mental disorders; therefore, their care tends to be less challenging and complicated for staff. |
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Definition
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Term
3. A patient shows the nurse multiple fresh, serious (but non-life-threatening) self-inflicted cuts on her forearm. Which response would be most therapeutic?
1. Convey empathy and explore issues that led to the self-injury as you administer first-aid to the wounds.
2. Care for the wounds, then search the patient for sharp objects, and place the patient on one-to-one observation or in seclusion for her own safety.
3. Recognizing that the self-injury is, at its heart, a maladaptive attempt to obtain attention, extinguish the behavior by minimizing the attention paid to it.
4. Maintain a neutral demeanor while dressing the wounds, and then assign the patient to write a list of circumstances that led to the injury before discussing it further. |
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Definition
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Term
4. A patient is flirting with a peer and is overheard asking him to intercede with staff so that she will be given privileges to leave the inpatient mental health unit. Later she offers a backrub to a nurse if that nurse will give her the prn sedation at 9:00 pm that is not ordered until 10:00 pm. Which response(s) to such behaviors would be most therapeutic? Select all that apply.
1. Label the behavior as undesirable, and explore with the patient more effective ways to meet her needs.
2. By role-playing, demonstrate other approaches the patient could use to meet her needs.
3. Advise the other patients that this patient is being manipulative and that they should ignore the patient when she behaves this way.
4. Bargain with the patient to determine a reasonable compromise regarding how much of such behavior is acceptable before the patient crosses the line.
5. Explain that such behavior is unacceptable, and give the patient specific examples of consequences that will be enacted if the behavior continues.
6. Ignore the behavior for the time being so the patient will find it unrewarding and in turn seek other, and hopefully more adaptive, ways to meet her needs. |
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Definition
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Term
5. A patient becomes frustrated and angry when trying to get his MP3 player and headset to function properly and angrily throws it across the room, nearly hitting a peer with it. Which intervention(s) would be the most therapeutic? Select all that apply.
1. Place the patient in seclusion for 1 hour to allow him to de-escalate.
2. Tell the patient that any further outbursts will result in a loss of privileges.
3. Offer to help the patient learn how to operate his music player and headset.
4. Explore with the patient how he was feeling as he worked with the music player.
5. Point out the consequences of such behavior, and note that it cannot be tolerated.
6. Limit the patient's exposure to frustrating experiences until he attains improved coping skills.
7. Encourage the patient to recognize signs of mounting tension and seek assistance. |
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Definition
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