Term
| The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000a) focuses on which aspects of substance abuse? |
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Definition
| behavior aspects and pathological patterns of abuse. It emphasizes the physical symptoms of tolerance and withdraw. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when a person's physiological reaction to a drug decreases with repeated administrations of the same dose |
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Term
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Definition
| It is when physiological changes occur when blood and tissue concentrations of a drug decrease in individuals who have maintained heavy and prolonged use of a substance. |
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Term
| the most common drug of abuse in the United States is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are transitory recurrences of perceptual disturbance caused by a person's earlier hallucinogenic drug use when he or she is in a drug-free state |
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Definition
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Term
| define synergistic effects |
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Definition
| When some drugs are taken together, the effect of either or both of the drugs is intensified or prolonged. For example, combinations of alcohol plus a benzodiazepine, alcohol plus an opiate, and alcohol plus a barbiturate all produce synergistic effects. |
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Term
| define antagonistic effect |
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Definition
| combine drugs to weaken or inhibit the effect of one of the drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| People who are codependent often exhibit over-responsible behavior—doing for others what others could just as well do for themselves. They have a constellation of maladaptive thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and attitudes that effectively prevent them from living full and satisfying lives. |
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Term
| name 5 Codependent Behaviors |
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Definition
• Attempting to control someone else's drug use
• Spending an inordinate amount of time thinking about the person with the addiction
• Finding excuses for the person's substance abuse
• Covering up the person's drinking/drug taking or lying
• Feeling responsible for the person's drinking/drug use
• Feeling guilty for the person's behavior
• Avoiding family and social events because of concerns or shame about the behavior of the member with an addiction
• Making threats regarding the consequences of the behavior of the person with the substance-abuse problem and failing to follow through
• Eliciting promises for change
• Feeling like they are “walking on eggshells” on a routine basis to avoid causing problems, especially in relation to alcohol or drug use
• Allowing moods to be influenced by those of the person with the addiction
• Searching for, hiding, and destroying the person's drug or alcohol supply
• Assuming the duties and responsibilities of the person with the substance-abuse problem
• Feeling forced to increase control over the family's finances
• Often bailing the person with the addiction out of financial or legal problems |
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Term
How much of the US population consumes alcohol regularly?
How much of the population abuses it?
How much of the population is dependent on it? |
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Definition
1- 2/3rds uses regularly
2- 18% abuse it
3- 13% are dependant |
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Term
| which is more common drug abuse or drug dependance? |
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Definition
| drug abuse. 8% lifetime prevalence for drug abuse, 3% lifetime prevalence for drug dependancy |
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Term
| what are some possible long term effects of alcohol abuse |
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Definition
| Alcohol can affect all organ systems, in particular the CNS (resulting in disorders such as Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis) and the gastrointestinal system (resulting in disorders such as esophagitis, gastritis, pancreatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis of the liver). Also commonly associated with long-term alcohol use or abuse are tuberculosis, all types of accidents, suicide, and homicide. Alcohol use during pregnancy can have negative consequences for the fetus and result in fetal alcohol syndrome. |
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Term
| What 3 things are addiction characterized by? |
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Definition
| (1) loss of control of substance consumption, (2) substance use despite associated problems, and (3) tendency to relapse. |
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Term
| Alcohol and other CNS depressants act on which receptors that potentate an increase bioavailability of glutamate, norepinephrine, and dopamine |
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Definition
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Term
| Opioid drugs act on which receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| which chemical is responsible for a phenomenon termed incentive salience |
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Definition
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Term
| what is incentive salience? |
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Definition
| the craving of a substance many users experience when not currently using the substance. |
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Term
| name psychodynamic factors in addiction |
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Definition
Lack of tolerance for frustration and pain
• Lack of success in life
• Lack of affectionate and meaningful relationships
• Low self-esteem, lack of self-regard
• Risk-taking propensity |
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Term
| what are the typical defence mechanisms of a predictable defensive style |
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Definition
| e various defense mechanisms (e.g., denial, projection, rationalization), as well as characteristic thought processes (e.g., all-or-none thinking, selective attention) and behaviors (e.g., conflict minimization and avoidance, passivity, and manipulation) |
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Term
| . Signs of alcohol poisoning |
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Definition
| an inability to arouse the individual, cool or clammy skin, respirations less than 10 per minute, cyanosis under the fingernails or gums, and emesis while semiconscious or unconscious |
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Term
| Alcohol Withdrawal symptoms |
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Definition
| The person may appear hyperalert, manifest jerky movements and irritability, startle easily, and experience subjective distress often described as “shaking inside.” Grand mal seizures may appear 7 to 48 hours after cessation of alcohol intake, particularly in people with a history of seizures. |
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Term
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Definition
| llusions are misinterpretations, usually of a threatening nature, of objects in the environment. For example, a person may think spots on the wallpaper are blood-sucking ants. |
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Term
| Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium symptoms |
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Definition
In addition to anxiety, insomnia, anorexia, and delirium, features of alcohol withdrawal delirium include:
• Autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., tachycardia, diaphoresis, elevated blood pressure)
• Severe disturbance in sensorium (e.g., disorientation, clouding of consciousness)
• Perceptual disturbances (e.g., visual or tactile hallucinations)
• Fluctuating levels of consciousness (e.g., ranging from hyperexcitability to lethargy)
• Delusions (paranoid), agitated behaviors, and fever (100 ° F to 103 ° F) |
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Term
| Coma occurs around which Blood Alchohol Level? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| depression, paranoia, lethargy, anxiety, insomnia, nausea and vomiting, sweating and chills, and an intense craving for the drug. |
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Term
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Definition
1 - crash phase,
2 - intense craving, anhedonia, lack of motivation
3 - intermittent craving that might be forever. |
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Term
| 4 phases of opium/heroine use |
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Definition
first phase is a euphoria or rush that occurs almost immediately after injection of the drug.
The second phase is classified as “the high” and has been described as a sense of well being. This phase can extend for several hours. The third phase, which is often termed the nod, is an escape from reality that can range from lethargy to virtual unconsciousness. The fourth phase is the period before withdrawal occurs. During the fourth phase, users often seek more of the drug in order to avoid withdrawal. |
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Term
| long term use of pot symptoms |
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Definition
| Long-term use of cannabis can result in lethargy, anhedonia, difficulty concentrating, anxiety or paranoia, and loss of memory for some people. |
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Term
| long term PCP side effects |
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Definition
| dulled thinking, lethargy, loss of impulse control, poor memory, and depression. |
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Term
| Ecstacy/MDMA produces a large release of what chemicals in the body? |
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Definition
| the neurochemicals serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. |
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Term
| what are the differences between the DSM IV TR criteria for addiction and nursing diagnoses? |
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Definition
| the DSM-IV-TR criteria emphasize patterns of use and physical symptoms, nursing diagnoses identify how dependence on substances of abuse interferes with a person's ability to deal with the activities and demands of daily living. |
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Term
| what are Al-Anon and Alateen |
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Definition
| self-help groups that offer support and guidance for adults and teenagers, respectively. |
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Term
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Definition
| an agent used for narcotic addiction—is sometimes used in the treatment of alcoholism, especially for those with high levels of craving and somatic symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
a second medication used to treat alcoholism.
Acamprosate probably works to reduce intake of alcohol by suppressing excitatory neurotranmission and enhancing inhibitory transmission |
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Term
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Definition
| alchohol treatment med. Topiramate (Topamax) works to decrease alcohol cravings by inhibiting the release of mesocorticolimbic dopamine, which has been associated with alcohol craving |
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Term
| what does Disulfiram do if you drink while taking it? |
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Definition
| effects consist of facial flushing, sweating, throbbing headache, neck pain, tachycardia, respiratory distress, a potentially serious decrease in blood pressure, and nausea and vomiting. The adverse reaction usually begins within minutes to a half hour after drinking and may last 30 to 120 minutes. |
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Term
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Definition
| a synthetic opiate that blocks the craving for and effects of heroin. It has to be taken every day, is highly addicting, and when stopped produces withdrawal. |
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Term
| WHAT IS levo-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) |
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Definition
| an alternative to methadone,that is effective for up to 3 days (72 to 96 hours), so patients need to come to an outpatient facility for their medication only three times a week |
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Term
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Definition
| an effective somatic treatment for some chemically dependent individuals when combined with naltrexone. Clonidine is a nonopioid suppresser of opioid withdrawal symptoms. It is also nonaddicting. |
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Term
| what is Buprenorphine (Subutex) |
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Definition
| a partial opioid agonist. At low doses (2 to 4 mg/day sublingually), the drug blocks signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal. In experimental studies, buprenorphine has been shown to suppress heroin use in both inpatient and outpatient settings |
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Term
1. The nurse is caring for a patient with an addictive disorder who is currently drug-free. The patient is experiencing repeated occurrences of vivid, frightening images and thoughts. Which term would the nurse use to document this finding?
1. Tolerance
2. Flashbacks
3. Withdrawal
4. Synergistic effect |
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Definition
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Term
2. Which condition would the nurse be most concerned about when caring for a patient who abuses alcohol?
1. Cirrhosis of the liver
2. Suicidal potential
3. Wernicke's encephalopathy
4. Korsakoff's psychosis |
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Definition
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Term
3. The nurse is caring for four patients. Which patient should be seen first, based upon substance-abuse risk potential?
1. Female patient of Caucasian descent
2. Female patient of Japanese descent
3. Male patient of Native American descent
4. Male patient of African American descent |
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Definition
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Term
34. Which patient response to the question, “Have you ever drunk more alcohol or used more drugs than you meant to?” should immediately cause the nurse to assess further?
1. “No, I have never used drugs or alcohol.”
2. “I have drunk alcohol before but have never let myself get drunk.”
3. “I figured you'd ask me about that.”
4. “Yes, I did that once and will never do it again.” |
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Definition
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Term
5. Which patient behaviors should the nurse suspect as related to alcohol withdrawal?
1. Hyperalert state, jerky movements, easily startled
2. Tachycardia, diaphoresis, elevated blood pressure
3. Peripheral vascular collapse, electrolyte imbalance
4. Paranoid delusions, fever, fluctuating levels of consciousness |
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Definition
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