Term
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Definition
| A protective reaction
Can be caused by nonliving agents i.e. heat, trauma
Always present with infection
Infection occurs only through superimposed evasion of microorganisms
It establishes an environment for healing |
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Term
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Definition
Involves invasion of tissue or cells by microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, or viruses) Always has inflammation present Often reveals altered lab values ( i.e. WBCs, positive cultures) |
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Term
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Definition
Local or systemic
Patient information, clinical appearance (objective and subjective)
Vital signs
Lab values
CBC (Complete Blood Count)
Culture reports |
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Term
| note about recognizing infection |
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Definition
| Note that in elderly adults typical signs and symptoms may not be present (reduced immune and inflammatory response) |
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Term
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Definition
| proper care controls the spread and minimizes the illness. pan and tenderness at the wound site |
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Term
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Definition
| an infection that affects the entire body instead of just a single organ. can become fatal |
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Term
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Definition
Erythrocytes – RBCs
Leukocytes – WBCs
Thrombocytes –
platelets
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
55-70%
“Bands”
Increased in acute supporuative infection, decreased in overwhelming bacterial (older adult)
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Term
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Definition
1-4%
increased in parasitic infection |
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Term
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Definition
0-1%
normal during infection |
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Term
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Definition
5-10%
increased in protozoal, rickettsial, and tuberculosis infections |
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Term
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Definition
20-40%
increased in chronic bacterial and viral infection, decreased in sepsis |
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Term
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Definition
an increase of number of circulating WBCs, is the body's response to WBCs leaving blood vessels.
“shift to the left” |
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Term
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Definition
| is a decrease in the number of circulating white blood cells (leukocytes) in the blood. As the principal function of white cells is to combat infection, a decrease in the number of these cells can place patients at increased risk for infection. |
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Term
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Definition
Swelling
Redness -- hyperemia
Heat
Pain/Tenderness
Loss of Function
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Term
| Stages of Inflammatory Response |
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Definition
Vascular and cellular
Inflammatory exudates
Tissue repair
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| formation of fluid and cells that are discharged from cells or blood vessels, e.g, pus or serum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Injury occurs->vasodilation->tissue necrosis->histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandin->increased permeability small vessels (edema)->fluid, protein, cells |
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Term
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Definition
heals in 2-3 wks *no residual damageneutrophils predominant. Subacute is basically the same but last longer i.e. endocarditis |
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Term
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Definition
an infectrions agent or pathogen.
a reservoir or source for pathogen growth.
a portal of exit from the reservoir.
a mode of transmission.
a portal of entry to a host.
subsceptible host. |
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Term
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Definition
*lasts for weeks, months or years
*persistence = injured tissues
*predominant cells are lymphs, macrophages
*debilitation leads to decreased immunity
i.e. rheumatoid arthritis, TB
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Term
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Definition
Iatrogenic, exogenous, endogenous
* Hospital acquired
* Primarily transmitted by health care workers
#1 CAUSE = improper handwashing
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Term
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Definition
| are a type of nosocomial infection resulting from a diagnostic or therapeutic response |
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Term
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Definition
| arises from microorgansisms external to the individual that do not exist as normal flora. |
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Term
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Definition
| can occur when part of the client's flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results. |
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Term
| Sites for Nosocomial Infections |
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Definition
Urinary Tract
Surgical Wounds
Respiratory Tract
Blood stream
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Term
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Definition
“Clean” technique
Reduces presence
Microorganisms
Prevents spread from place to person |
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Term
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Definition
“Sterile” technique
Eliminates all microorganisms, pathogens, spores.
Requires sterile field and equipment (O.R. and during invasive procedures)
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Term
| Role of Nurse in Infection Control |
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Definition
Assess patient’s defense mechanisms, susceptibility and knowledge of infections
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Term
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Definition
Age
Nutritional status
Stress
Disease process
Medical therapy
Clinical appearance
Laboratory data
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Term
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Definition
Risk for infection
Imbalanced nutrition
Impaired oral mucus membrane
Risk for impaired skin integrity
Social isolation
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Term
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Definition
Prevent exposure to infectious organisms
Control or reduce extent of infection
Maintain resistance to infection
Educate patient/family about infection control
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Term
| Nursing Plans-Health Promotion |
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Definition
Strengthen defenses against infection
Nutritional support
Rest
Vaccines
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Term
| Nursing Plans-Acute Care Measures |
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Definition
Administer antibiotics
Prevent complications of fever
Support integrity of healing wounds
Support patient’s defense mechanisms
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Term
| Control/eliminate infectious agents |
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Definition
Medical asepsis
Administer medications
Disinfection/sterilization |
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Term
| Control/eliminate reservoirs |
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Definition
Dressing changes
Apply principles of wound care
Discard contaminated articles
Incontinent care
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Term
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Definition
Careful handling of body fluids
Careful handling of linen
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Term
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Definition
Consistent handwashing
Cleaning of equipment and environment
Do not share bedpans, urinals, etc
Teach pts & family about handwashing
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Term
| Control the portal of entry |
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Definition
Maintain skin integrity
Avoid wrinkles in linen
Maintain integrity of mucus membranes
Maintain closed drainage systems
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Term
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Definition
Breaks in skin and mucous membranes (baths, lubrication, oral care)
Invasive devices
Stasis of body fluids (positioning, activity)
Inadequate nutrition, dehydration
Stress
Immune system dysfunction
Coexisting medical problems
Drug therapy
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Term
| Protection of Susceptive Host Isolation Procedures |
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Definition
Standard Precautions
Transmission Categories
Airborne precautionsa
Droplet precautions
Contact precautions
Protective environment
Psychological Effects of Isolation
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