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| grammar rules defining program fragment |
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| the meaning of various programming fragments |
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| how to effectively use language features, libraries, IDEs |
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| int, float, double, String, a set of values |
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| (a piece of syntax which evaluates to some particular value) 2-4*5, sqrt(16) |
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at compile time, the types of all declared names are known.
-can be provided by programmer and checked by type system or inferred by the
language (c# allows simplevar = 5; and infers x € int) [better: catch err quicker] |
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| language knows the type of every value . but a variable might hold values of different types over its lifetime, php, racket, javascript. Each value may include extra bits, indicating its type [better: write faster] |
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| care about an object having a field/method, not inheritance ex: javascript |
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| any type error is caught [dynamically or statically] |
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| the type system allows a program to run, then it doesnt contain any type errors |
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