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| Kant defines the good in terms of |
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| The right action, according to Kant, is the action |
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| that is performed in accordance with duty. |
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| An action is good if and only if it is |
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| the right action and it is performed because it is right. |
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| In other words, one is more praiseworthy when the primary motive for performing the right action is |
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| because it is the right thing to do, and not merely due to one’s inclinations. |
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| right first and then good |
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| The ends do not justify the means (not about the consequences) |
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| For Kant it is the-- for the action that is important for determining its goodness, not its--- |
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| “Nothing in the world – indeed nothing even beyond the world – can possibly be conceived which could be called good without |
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| qualification except a good will.” |
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Term
| The Categorical Imperative |
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| (Humanity formulation)“So act that you use humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means.” |
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| examples that violate the categorical imperative |
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Definition
lying
suicide
promise keeping |
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| Kant, why is lying morally impermissable |
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| trying to get you to believe a falsehood so that you do an action or give something that I want. |
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| Suicide violation of the categorical imperative. |
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| You are using yourself merely as a means by ending pain. |
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| a promise is like a contract. It is using someone merely as a means. |
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Term
It follows from the categorical imperative that each of us has ---
whereas the utility principle suggests that in some cases we |
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Definition
certain rights that ought not be violated;
ought to violate those rights if it will lead to the greatest balance of pleasure over pain. |
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| axiology (what is good) of kantianism |
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Definition
| autonomy, rationality, intentions |
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| moral standing in kantianism |
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| anything that is rational |
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| examples of things who do not have moral standing under Kant |
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Definition
| animals and children b/c they are not rational |
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| general moral principle in kant |
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| Common Objections to Kantianism |
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Absolutism
Inadequate conflict resolution principles
A troubled justification for positive duties |
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can’t lie when people ask do these make my butt look big.
-Axe murder comes in class, prof hids, murderer asks where’s mike? Do the students lie? What is the right thing to do? Due to Kant if you lie it is wrong bc you are using him merely as a means. |
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Term
| possible fix to absolutism |
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Definition
prima facie duties
Prima Facie duty means at first glance, the duties can be overwritten in some cases. |
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Term
| Inadequate conflict resolution principles |
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Definition
Keeping a promise to lie
Possible fix – establish priority principles |
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Term
| A troubled justification for positive duties |
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Definition
| The Categorical Imperative does not seem to require that we act a certain way, rather it forbids certain actions. |
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