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Definition
| Widely held beliefs about characteristics deemed male or female |
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Term
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Definition
| Reflection of gender stereotypes in everyday behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Perception of the self as masculine or feminine in characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers broadly to any association of objects, avtivities, roles, etc. that conform to cultural stereotypes of gender |
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Term
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Definition
| gender-roles and gender-identity is learned through modelling and reinforcement |
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Term
| Cognitive-developmental Theory |
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Definition
Cognition comes before action/behavior
Three Stages:
gender identity: the child recognizes that they are either a boy or a girl and possesses the ability to label others.
2. gender stability: the identity in which they recognizes themselves as does not change
3. gender consistency: the acceptance that gender does not change regardless of changes in gender-typed appearance, activities, and traits. |
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Term
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Definition
| Combines elements of both environmental pressures and children's cognitions |
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Term
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Definition
Masculine traits including
assertion, rationality, dominance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Feminie traits including talking, warmth, sweetness. |
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Term
| When do gender stereotypes begin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Middle Childhood Gender Ideas |
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Definition
| children become more flexible about behavior |
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Term
| Influences of Gender Stereotyping |
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Definition
Biology
Evolutionary adaptiveness
hormones affecting brain development
Environmental
Peers |
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Term
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Definition
Has;
equal roles family model
paid paternity leave
quality child care available |
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Term
| Early Childhood Parenting & Gender Typing |
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Definition
Parents encourage gender-specific play and behavior
Reinforce dependence in girls
Reinfornce independence in boys
Language indirectly teaches roles |
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Term
| Middle Childhood Parenting & Gender Typing |
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Definition
Achievement more important
Parents continue to demand independence from boys |
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Term
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Definition
'Feminine' behavior reinforced
expectation that boys will misbehave more
language promotes in-group favoritism |
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Term
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Definition
Most successful method
gains in real-life situations
Girls gain gender-stereotype flexibility |
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Term
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Definition
| Has little effect in challenging sexist remarks |
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Term
| Are girls with other-sex older siblings more os less masculine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Having both masculine and feminine characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| Gender Typings behavior leads to gender identity |
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Term
| Cognitive-Developmental Theory |
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Definition
| Self-percuptions come before behavior |
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Term
| Middle Childhood Gender Identity Adjustment |
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Definition
Gender typicality
Gender contentedness
Pressure to conform to gender roles |
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Term
| Gender constancy develops |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
more flexible
masculine identity strengthens; girls identity becomes more androgynous |
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Term
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Definition
Girls do better throughout school
Girls have an advantage in the left hemisphere of their brain
Parents talk to girls more |
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Term
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Definition
Boys better at abstract reasoning
Parent's see boys as better at math. |
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Term
Which country has the largest gender gap?
Where is the U.S. |
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Definition
Turkey
Middle - Medium Gender Equality |
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Term
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Definition
| more freely and more instensely |
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Term
| Which gender is more likely to be depressed |
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Definition
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Term
| Biological Factors affecting depression |
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Definition
Heredity
Stressful Life Events
Gender-typed coping styles |
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Term
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Definition
Boys are more aggressive
Androgen hormones
Environmental influences - family consequences, peers |
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