Term
| Boundaries of the abdominopelvic cavity |
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Definition
Muscle borders:
Superior: Respiratory diaphragm
Anterior and Lateral: Abdominal muscles
Inferior: Pelvic diaphragm (levator ani)
Inferior anterior: Urogenital diaphragm
Membrane border:
The peritoneum lines the cavity (parietal and visceral pleura)
Bone borders:
Ribs
Lumbar vertebrae
Pelvis |
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Term
| Major dermatomes of the abdominopelvic thorax |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| From T4 to sternal angle. |
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Term
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Definition
| From T6 to the xiphoid (6th intercostal space). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Innervation of abdominal section |
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Definition
T7-L1
Know innervation of T10 and L1 specifically. Dull, vague midline pain s most likely referred pain from another organ.
Ex. T10 innervates appendix, when patient has appendicitis, referred pain is in bellybutton. |
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Term
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Definition
| Done by two nerves: the iliohypogastric (superior) and the ilioinguinal (innervates genitalia). Inguinal hernia surgery can sever the ilioinguinal to produce numbness in genitalia). |
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Term
| Superficial layers of the abdominal wall |
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Definition
From most superficial to deep
1. Skin
2. Campers fascia (fatty globular layer, disappears in males inferior to the pubis).
3. Scarpa's fascia (membranous layer), turns into Colle's fascia inferior to the pubis). |
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Term
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Definition
Continuation of Scarpe's fascia below the pubis.
Attaches to posterior edge of urogenital diaphragm, ischiopubic rami, fascia lata.
Covers in front, stops in back (like thong). |
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Term
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Definition
Invisibly thin layer of smooth muscle
attaches to the inner surface of the scrotal skin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Urine escapes from the urethra and follows the Colles fascia anteriorly where it becomes the Scarpe's fascia, collects in anterior abdominal wall. Colles fascia closed off posteriorly, so urine does not make it to the thigh or anal region. |
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Term
| Muscular layers of the abdominal wall |
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Definition
Deep to the skin, campers fascia, and scarpe's fascia.
1. External oblique
2. Internal oblique
3. Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis is medial to other abdominal muscles, source of 6 pack.
Muscles are incomplete, give rise to aponeurosi that covers the rectus abdominis anteriorly and posteriorly=rectus sheath. All aponeurosi have a defect in the inguinal region gives rise to the external and internal inguinal rings. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where abdominal muscles stop and aponeurosis begins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Aponeurosi fuse at midline. |
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Term
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Definition
Fibers run inward and downwards.
Fibers stop at the semilunar line, and aponeurosis fuses with other aponeurosi at the linea alba.
Lower free edge of the aponeurosis=inguinal ligament (ASIS to pubic tubercle), forms femoral triangle.
Defect in the inguinal region is called the external inguinal ring. |
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Term
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Definition
Fibers go inward and upward
Lower fibers attach to inguinal ligament.
Forms an aponeurosis that splits to go anterior and posterior to the rectus abdominis.
Fibers from the internal oblique turn into the cremaster muscle of the testis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fibers from the internal oblique muscle that attach to the spermatic cord of the testis. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Muscle fibers run horizontally.
2. Aponeurotic fibers superior to arcuate line pass both anteriorly and inferiorly to rectus abdominis.
3. Fibers inferior to rectus abdominis pass only anteriorly to rectus abdominis.
4. Muscle fibers are absent in inguinal canal. |
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Term
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Definition
Point of transition where
superior aponeurosis fibers pass posterior to rectus abdominis
Inferior aponeurosis fibers pass anterior to rectus abdominis |
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Term
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Definition
Testis are connected to the ductus deferens superiorly and the gubernaculum inferiorly.
The gubernaculum pulls the testis down through the processus vaginalis to the scrotum.
The testis picks up tissue from each layer of the abdominal wall as it descends to the scrotum. |
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Term
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Definition
| An out-pocketing of the peritoneal cavity that continues into the scrotum. Mostly disappears to form the tunica vaginalis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pulls the testis into the scrotum. |
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Term
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Definition
Remnant of gubernaculum
Passes through the inguinal canal
Connects from side of uterus to the labia majora. |
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Term
| Deep Layers of Abdominal Wall |
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Definition
From most superficial to deep
Transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum |
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Term
| Contents of Spermatic Cord |
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Definition
Testicle
Ductus deferens
Testicular artery
Pampiniform plexus of veins
Lymphatics
Nerve fibers from T10: why there is pain in abdomen when kicked in groin
Processes vaginalis
Tunica vaginalis |
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Term
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Definition
1. Tunica vaginalis (processes vaginalis)– from peritoneum
2. Internal spermatic fascia—from transversalis fascia
(Nothing from transversus abdominis)
3. Cremasteric Muscle (and fascia) —from internal oblique
4. External Spermatic Fascia— from external oblique
5. Colles fascia – from Scarpa’s fascia
6. Dartos muscle and fascia (not shown)
7. Skin |
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Term
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Definition
| Protrusion of an organ through the wall that normally contains it. |
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Term
| Indirect Inguinal Hernias |
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Definition
Process Vaginalis normally obliterates but 5% of adults have a patent process vaginalis
Abdominal contents may herniate through a patent process vaginalis – this is called an indirect inguinal hernia
By definition- indirect inguinal hernias must pass through the deep inguinal ring, which is lateral to the inferior epigastric artery |
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Term
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Definition
Push through the abdominal wall in the region of Hesselbach's Triangle.
Boundaries are inferior epigastric artery, rectus abdominis, and inguinal ligament. |
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Term
| Layers of the abdominal wall |
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Definition
Skin
Campers fascia
Scarpa’s fascia
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum |
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