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| Took place in Ireland. It was fought between the forces of Gaelic Irish chieftains against English rule in Ireland. The war was fought all over the country but mainly in the northern province of Ulster. It ended in Irish defeat and the flight of the Earls and the Plantation of Ulster. |
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| Passed in Scotland in 1609 which required Highland Scottish chiefs to send their heirs to be educated at Protestant, English speaking schools. It was the first of a succession of measures taken by the Scottish government specifically aimed at the extirpation of Gaelic language, the destruction of traditional culture and the suppression of its bearers. |
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| The first mass plantation in Ireland. It was aimed at dispersing members of the English population throughout Ireland to spread their culture and values. It was started in the 1580’s. |
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| The impotent poor would be taken care of at poor houses. The able bodied poor were to be set to work in the House of Industry. The idle poor and vagrants were to be sent to the House of Correction or prison. |
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| ‘Window into men’s souls’ Elizabeth I |
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| Elizabeth had no desire to interfere in others religious affairs and believed that there is ‘only one Jesus Christ’. |
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| A vagrant is a person in poverty, who wanders from place to place without a home or regular employment or income. |
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| Refers collectively to a pair of English joint stock companies chartered by James I in 1606 with the purpose of establishing settlements on the coast of North America. Had two divisions which were the Virginia Company of London and the Virginia Company of Plymouth. |
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| An English sea captain, privateer and politician of the Elizabethan era. He was knighted in 1581 by Elizabeth I. He was famous for raiding Spanish ships, particularly during the Spanish Armada. |
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| Was founded in London in 1565 to act as a centre of commerce for the city. |
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| Refers to a style of historical writing that demonizes Spain and in particular the Spanish Empire in a politically motivated attempt to morally disqualify Spain and its people, and to incite animosity against Spanish rule. |
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| An armed conflict during 1634-1638 between the Pequot tribe against an alliance of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth and Saybrook colonies who were aided by several other Native American tribes. The result was the elimination of the Pequot as a viable polity in what is present day Southern New England. |
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| A Virginian Indian chief’s daughter notable for having assisted colonial settlers in Jamestown. She converted to Christianity and married the English settler John Rolfe. After they travelled to London, she became famous in England in the last few years of her life. |
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| An English settlement on the east coast of North America in the 17th century in New England situated around Salem and Boston. It was founded by investors of the failed Dorchester Company. The population was strongly Puritan. |
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| Long sermons that lamented the state of New England. They were popular by the mid to late seventeenth century as the second generation of Puritans began to worry about their spiritual state. The impact of economic growth made it harder for their societies to remain the same and these sermons were one way the Puritans complained about this. |
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| In 1692 there were a series of witch trials where over 150 people were arrested and imprisoned. Was predominantly spearheaded by Puritans. |
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| The derogatory term of tobacco during the 17th century in the plantations of North America |
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| The practice of contracting an individual to work for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for transportation, food, clothing and lodge. |
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| Runaway slaves in the West Indies, Central America, South America and North America who formed independent settlements together. |
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| A slaving company set up by the Stuart family in London in 1660. It was granted monopoly over the English slave trade by its charter. With the help of the army and navy, it established trading posts on the West African coast and it was responsible for seizing any rival English ships that were transporting slaves. |
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| A prominent slave trader who was an employee of the Royal African Company. He was held prisoner by the African King Agaja where he was used as a negotiation tool with the company. |
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| A kingdom on the west coast of Africa. It was a major slave trading post where it exported thousands of slaves a month, mainly from the interior of Africa. |
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| A slave system whereby the young, able bodied workers cut and plant, the mothers and children clear fields, and the old and very young children do simple tasks on slave plantations in North America. |
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| A slave rebellion in 1739 in the colony of South Carolina. It was the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies prior to the American Revolution. |
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| African Americans who live in the Lowcountry region of South Carolina and Georgia. They speak their own language called Geechee and are known to preserve more of their African linguistic and cultural heritage. |
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| An English colonist who was taken captive by French and Mohawk warriors as a seven year old girl from Massachusetts in 1704. She became fully assimilated into the tribe in Canada and was baptized a Catholic. She married a Mohawk tribesman and had a family with him. Her family were Puritans who attempted to get her back for a prolonged period. |
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| Slave markets which flourished in the Barbary Coast. These markets prospered while the states were nominally under Ottoman rule, but in reality were relatively autonomous. Although the slave markets were filled by people from many places they were distinct from other slave markets because they also sold European slaves, acquired through pirate raids on shipping or coastal towns and villages. |
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| A market founded in 1688 in a coffee house in London. The establishment was a popular place for sailors, merchants and ship owners to have access to shipping news. The participating members formed insurance arrangements for the marine business. |
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| A 17th century colonial province of the Dutch Empire on the east coast of North America near present day New York. The colony was conceived as a private business venture to exploit the North American fur trade. |
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| An English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania. He was a Quaker and an early champion of democracy and religious freedom. |
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| Two infamous pirates who moved to the Western Mediterranean around 1505, they plundered Spanish ships along the coast for several years. |
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| An English pirate who operated in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans in the mid 1690’s. The most notorious pirate of his time, he is most famous for being one of the few major pirate captains to retire with his loot without being arrested or killed and also for being the perpertrator of what has been called the most profitable pirate raid in history. |
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| Articles of Association (The Pirate Code) |
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| The code and laws that pirates were expected to adhere to when dealing amongst each other. |
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| T. Hall (Thomas/Thomasine) |
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| A hermaphrodite individual who was christened and raised as a girl. Travelled to North America and changed itself into a male. This scared the seventeenth century colonial culture because it made them question their social constructions. |
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| A social system in which the role of the male as the primary authority figure is central to social organization and where fathers hold authority over women, children and property. It implies the institutions of male rule and privilege and entails female subordination. |
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| The colloquial term for cases of women who married multiple times in light of their spouse’s death and subsequently gained significant wealth and land and had many last names. |
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