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-The king is divinely appointed and is responsible only to God (King above lords and pope)
-one king, one law, one faith
-Shift from religious to political |
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-used Catholicism as a means of political control (Catholicism=absolute monarch, Protestantism=limited power)
-prestige=rivalry and political control
-political rivalry: France=threatened by Hapsburg territories |
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-Austrian
-most powerful family in European history
-Became Holy Roman Emperors
-Expanded through marriage to gain other countries |
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| Not descendant, had to be elected |
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| Lost power due to the Reformation |
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Height of Hapsburg empire under him.
Divided empire into two parts, Spain/colonies and Austria/Holy Roman Empire |
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Son of Charles V
-Revolts
-30 years war (weakened Spain) |
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War started out religious but changed to a political battle by the end.
-Defined Germany (1/3-1/2 pop lost) |
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-ended the 30 years war
-No clear winner, people just tired
-First international peace conference
-established the concept of a strong king who ruled over a sovereign state
-reduced importance of religion |
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| War of Spanish Succession |
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Definition
| Spanish Hapsburg king died w/out heir = battle between Bourbons and Hapsburgs of Austria |
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| Bourbon became king of Spain. Spain ceded territories. Balance of Power formalized |
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| France gained ground after 30 years war |
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Golden Age
-very arrogant/cruel
-created Versailles and forced others to go there as well
-King made courtiers help with his daily routine to give him their ideas |
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Seat of government, bureaucracy moved there
-Extravagant: hall of mirrors, gardens, fountains |
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Model for limited government
-Dutch Republic (United Provinces)..merchant countries
-Economic power of the Dutch: manufacturing, trade, rise of merchant class |
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| Netherlands: restrains on absolutism |
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1. free assembly of states
2. no new taxes w/out consent
3. war approved by state
4. treaty approved by state
5. gifts to ruler = no
6. justice = regular judiciary
7. customs/laws = unbreakable |
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-Tolerant (religious/cultural)
-wars with England
-william III of Orange (Stadtholder of the Dutch, became king of England) |
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James I (First Stuart King)
-Divine Right
-Royal monopolies |
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Divine right and stubborn.
-economic problems
-conflict wiht parliament
-Scottish rebellino "Long Parliament" |
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-Cavaliers (loyalists)
-Roundheads (parliamentary)
-Parliament victory (-Charles I beheaded) |
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-Oliver Cromwell: the protectorate
-Dominated by Puritans: Episcopalians and other religions excluded, Rump Parliament
-Levellers's Revolt (right to vote for all) |
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| Succeeded upon his brother's death (Catholic) |
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-Parliament invited William III and Mary II
-James II threw the Great Seal in teh THames and fled the country
-Battle of the Boyne: James II defeated |
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-Daughter of James II
-Formed the United Kingdom
-Last of the Stuarts |
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| Parliament chose him to succeed Queen Anne as King. |
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| Order of Rulers in England |
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Definition
Elizabeth I (Tudor)--> James I (Stuart)--> Charles I (Stuart)
*English Civil War
Oliver Cromwell-->Richard Cromwell
*The Restoration
Charles II-->James II
*The Glorious Revolution
William III (Orange) and Mary (Stuart)-->Anne (Stuart)-->George I (Hanover) |
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Irish essayist and cleric
-Hated injustic
-Satirist: Gulliver's Travels and A Modest Proposal |
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Criticism of government involvement.
-Wealth of Nations: free enterprise systme, the role of self-interest and laissez-faire
-provides the intellectual rationale for free trade and capitalism |
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Criticism of everything
-Leader of empiricism movement |
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