Term
|
Definition
Heat
to destroy endospores and common microbes: 121C 15psi 15 min
prions: 121C +1M NAOH 4.5 hrs or 132C for 4.5hr without base |
|
|
Term
| Phys method: Pasteurization: |
|
Definition
brief (sec) heat tx
kills common pathogens, reduces other organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
liquid filtration for heat sensitive material.
Microscopic pores (.2 micrometers)
Doesn't remove viruses or prions bc they're too small |
|
|
Term
| Chem methods are dependent on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| easy microbes to destroy w/chemicals: |
|
Definition
Non-sporulating bacteria/archae
Enveloped viruses
Fungi |
|
|
Term
| harder microbes to destroy w/chemicals: |
|
Definition
“Harder” to destroy with chemicals
Endospore forming bacteria
Non-enveloped (naked) viruses
Their protein coat is very tough
Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
|
|
Term
| problem children for chemical methods: |
|
Definition
| prions- burning is best choice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Denature proteins, solubilize lipids
Susceptible(effective): Bacteria, fungi (cell wall is soluble/ G- outer cell membrane)
Resistant: Endospores
More effect against enveloped than “naked” viruses
Influenze is a enveloped virus- it is soluble |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Membranes are souluble if there is lipids. Denature proteins by the hydrophobic/hydropholllic groups.
Phenol is an alcohol but there are other properties that make it beter: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oxidizing agents- create radicals which kills off everything
Bleach (sodium hypochlorite)
Iodine (more gentle)
Susceptible: everything
Resistant: nothing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Membranes and proteins- phenols are alcohols that have greasy component too.
Susceptible: bacteria, M. tuberculosis
Resistant: not much |
|
|
Term
| What is in a lot of soap? |
|
Definition
| tricosan- has halogenation, benzene, and alcohol and interferes with FA biosynthesis |
|
|
Term
| Chem method: Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats) |
|
Definition
React with membranes (charge)
Facilitate mechanical removal (scrubbing)
Susceptible: Bacteria
Resistant: Endospores, TB
Better against enveloped than naked viruses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nitrogen with + charge and long chain hydrocarbons and or protons. N+ reacts with the phospholipid membrane (-charge) which helps remove mechanical scrubbing. |
|
|
