Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| duchesne, fleming, chain, florey |
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Term
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Definition
natural products (bacteria, mold)
organic synthesis |
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Term
antibiotics examples from:
bacteria-
mold-
semi-synthesis-
synthetic- |
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Definition
bacteria- streptomyces (G+)
molds- penicillium
semi-synthetic- methicillin (based on penicillin)
Synthetic: ciprofloxacin/enrofloxacin |
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Term
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Definition
| staph. auerus found mold growing on them and that the bacteria was dead |
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Term
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Definition
| differences between pathogen and host in physiology/metabolism that allows us to damge microbe instead of pt and limit side effects |
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Term
| narrow or broad spectrum- |
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Definition
broad- everything all G+ bacteria
narrow- abx that only works only on one microbe |
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Term
| bacteriostatic or bactericidal- |
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Definition
inhibits growth, immune system takes over slows protein synthesis
or kills (lysis)-cell wall inhibitors |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action of suprafloxin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
enzyme is non covalent interaction- not permanent
usually preferable |
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Term
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Definition
enzyme is covalent bonded- permanent inactivation
not a great regulation mech. |
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Term
| competition of abx can be: |
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Definition
uncompetitive
competivitce
non competitive (allosteric) |
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Term
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Definition
at enzyme active site
inhibitor binds to enzyme and substrate forming a complex that prevents catalysis |
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Term
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Definition
at enzyme active site
structural similarity to substrate/intermediate/product |
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Term
| Non-competitive (allosteric) |
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Definition
| at different site than active site |
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Term
fatty acid synthase (FAS 2)
-- enzyme complex
-- from EUK allowing for -- |
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Definition
series of enzymes that work together
multi-enzyme
different from EUK allowing for selective tox |
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Term
| FAS 2 substrates/products- |
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Definition
Substrates- acetyal-CoA, NADPH, ATP
Products- Fatty acids, NADP+, ADP +P |
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Term
| FAS 2 inhibitor/antibiotics: |
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Definition
| isoniazid (mycobacterium TerBerculosis) reversible, competitive |
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Term
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Definition
| supercoiling that are different from EUK enzymes that does this |
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Term
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Definition
Quinolones- Ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin (Baytril)
Reversible, Uncompetitive
bacteriacidal- dna cant supercoils
completely synthetic |
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Term
| Protein Synthesis inhibitors target |
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Definition
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Term
| Protein synthesis inhibitors incldue: |
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Definition
tetracyclines(natural)
oxasolidinone (Zyvox)
macrolides(erytromycin, azithromycin)
reversible, competitive |
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Term
| how is erythromycin made? |
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Definition
multifunctional enzymes and or many enzyme activities
Polyketide synthase
similar to FAS2 |
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Term
| Erythromycin substrates/products; |
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Definition
substrates: Malonyl-CoA, NADPH
Products: erythromycin precursor, NADP+ |
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Term
Cell wall synthesis starts in-
first enzyme envolved= |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| PEP +UDP-NAG -> enolpyruvyl-UDP-NAG-Pi |
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Term
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Definition
reductase uses NADPH
enolpyruvyl UDP-NAG +NADPH -> UDP +NAM +NADP+ + H+ |
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Term
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Definition
uses atp to form the pentapeptide chain
AA + ATP + UDP-NAM -> -> UDP-NADM-L-ALA-D-GLU-?-D-Ala-D-Ala (pentapeptide)+ 5ADP +5Pi |
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Term
| after ligase, cell wall biosynthesis shifts from cytoplasm to |
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Definition
| membrane where MraY takes over |
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Term
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Definition
forms lipid 1
UDP-NAM-pentapeptide +C55-P (bactoprenol) -> C55-PP-NAM-pentapeptide (lipid 1)+UMP |
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Term
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Definition
adds a nag, creates lipid 1
glycosyltransferase
C55PP-NAM-pentapeptide (lipid1) +UDP-NAG -> C55PP-NAM-(NAG)-pentapeptide(lipid2) +UDP |
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Term
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Definition
| lipid 2 flipped outside of cell membrane to form a cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
| glycosyltransferases polymerize lipid 2 units (b-1,4-linkages, loss of C55PP |
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Term
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Definition
(only G-)
penicillin-binding proteins=PBPs) form cross bridges (transpeptidation
Beta-lactams block |
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Term
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Definition
(Only G-)
trim D-Ala = free peptide chains |
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Term
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Definition
| vancomycin (binds to double D-ala structure, works bc only 1 membrane) +beta-lactams block |
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Term
| abx cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors are |
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Definition
bactericidal
B-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins) prevents transpeptidases |
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Term
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Definition
reversible, competitive only G+
is HUGE alot of AA-cant get into G- |
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