Term
Respiration occurs in --
reducing power means-
PMF allows- |
|
Definition
Occurs in cellular membrane
“Reducing power” oxidized; e-s run through ETC/ETS to a terminal electron acceptor; H+ pumped
PMF allows ATP synthase to produce ATP |
|
|
Term
PMF needs [H+] to be:
about ?H+= ATP |
|
Definition
[H+] outside > [H+] inside
About 3 H+ -> ATP |
|
|
Term
| 1st component of ETC in general |
|
Definition
| Dehydrogenase (enzyme) oxidizes “reducing power”, (small molecule) reduces quinone (Q: smal molecule) to quinol. |
|
|
Term
| 2nd component of ETC in general |
|
Definition
| Terminal oxidase (enzyme) oxidizes (pulls e- off) quinol to quinone, reduces inorganic terminal electron acceptor (O2, NO3- -> H2O, NO2 -) |
|
|
Term
| NADH dehydrogenases (NDH-1 and NDH-2) |
|
Definition
| NADH + H+ + Q → NAD+ + QH2 |
|
|
Term
| Succinate dehydrogenase (TCA) |
|
Definition
| Succinate + Q+ FAD →FADH2(TCA)-> Fumarate + QH2 +FAD |
|
|
Term
| cyt bo quinol oxidase, cyt bd oxidase (“aerobic” terminal oxidases) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nitrate reductase (NAR; “anaerobic” terminal oxidase) |
|
Definition
| QH2 + NO3- → Q + NO2- + H2O |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NADH dehydrogenase 1 (NDH-1)
efficiency |
|
Definition
| Most efficient: 4 extra H+ pumped |
|
|
Term
NADH dehydrogenase 2 (NDH-2)
efficiency |
|
Definition
Less efficient: 0 H+ pumped
Tegrity for examples |
|
|
Term
Succinate dehydrogenase
efficiency |
|
Definition
| less energy in FADH2 compared to NADH: ) H+ pumped |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NADH dehydrogenase 1 (NDH-1)
NADH dehydrogenase 2 (NDH-2)
Succinate dehydrogenase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cytochrome bo quinol oxidase (cyt bo)
Cytochrome bd oxidase (cyt bd)
Nitrate reductase |
|
|
Term
Cytochrome bo quinol oxidase (cyt bo)
EFFICIENCY |
|
Definition
Needs 4 e- (each NADH/FADH2 has 2 e-)
Most efficient- uses bond breaking energy to pump 4 extra H+ = 8 H+ total |
|
|
Term
| Cytochrome bd oxidase (cyt bd) |
|
Definition
Less efficient
Pumps 4 H+ from 2 quinols + 0 more H+; 4 H+ total |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Needs 2 e-
*1* quinol substrate ONLY= pumps 2 H+ |
|
|
Term
| NDH-1/cyt bo (best case bc most H+) |
|
Definition
2[NADH + H+ + Q NAD+ + QH2
2 NADHs needed
2QH2 + O2 2Q + 2H2O
NDH-1 (4 H+ x2) + cyt bo (8H+) =16H+ pumped per O2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2[NADH + H+ + Q NAD+ + QH2]
2QH2 + O2 2Q + 2H2O
NDH-2 (0 H+ x2) + cyt bd oxidase (4H+)= 4H+ pumped per O2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Succinate + Q fumarate + QH2
QH2 + NO3- Q + NO2- + H2O
Succinate dehydrogenase (0H+) + nitrate reductase (2H+) = 2H+ pumped per NO3- |
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic ATP Yield Oxidative theoretical maximum: |
|
Definition
33 atp
Use NDH-1/succinate DH and cyt bo oxidase
2NADHs donate 4e- _> 16H+ pumped -> ~6ATP
2 FADH2s donate 4 e- -> 8H+ pumped -> ~3ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
