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| Breakdwn of complex molecules |
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| can be both catabolic and anabolic. |
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| Series of sequential reactions |
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| Not all chemical reactions are favorable, so how does an organism do them? How does this work? |
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Definition
Couple unfavorable and favorable reactions.
Drives overall equilibrium forward |
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Term
| metabolic pathways are --catalyzed including: |
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Definition
enzyme
Includes substrates, intermediates, products |
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Term
| Enzyme are --catalysts which means |
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Definition
Biocatalysts
Protein or RNA (ribozyme such as viroids) |
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| enzymes -- activation energy which is |
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Definition
Lower activation energy
Barrier between substrates and products
Speeds of rxn |
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| some enzymes req: -- which can be -- or -- |
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Definition
cofactors
Metals (inorganic)
Coenzymes (organic) |
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Definition
| Mg2+. Zn 2+, Fe-S clusters |
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Definition
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| ex of both genomic RNA and catalytic RNA |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 types of metabolic pathways |
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Definition
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Term
| linear metabolic pathway- |
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Definition
| - point A to point B, no diversions, one way street. Start substrates, intermediates, and then final product. |
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Term
| ex of linear metabolic pathway- |
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Definition
| Stage 2 of glycolisis is a linear pathway everything goes forward. |
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Definition
| Different directions a single pathway can go |
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Term
| Branched metabolic pathway ex: |
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Definition
| - glycosis stage 1. Glycolysis as a whole is a branched pathway |
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Term
| branched pathway microbes |
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Definition
| clostridium perfringens fermentation, mixotricha paradoxa. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shared intermediate between first rxn and last rxn. Knocking out the critical intermediate would turn this into a linear pathway |
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| energy carrier- reducing power? example |
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Definition
not “reducing power”
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Substrate or product |
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| electron carriers- reducing power? ex: |
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Definition
(reducing power)
oxidized NAD+/ reduced NADH
NADP+/NADPH
FAD/FADH2 |
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Term
| oxidized/ reduced for NAD+, NADP+, FAD |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Co factor “only” found in TCA cycle/ETC (ETS) |
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Term
reducing power is not-
carriers are in -- form and are the -- waiting for -- with electrons they are the -- form. |
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Definition
| Reducing power is not ATP. Carriers are in oxidized form are on the left are the shuttle waiting for electrons_> they form the reduced forms NADH, NADPH, are similar to ATP because they are substrates or products in rxns. FAD is a cofactor and will be recycled coenzyme |
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Term
| which nadh, nadph, fad are most similar to ATP because: |
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Definition
| NADH, NADPH, are similar to ATP because they are substrates or products in rxns. FAD is a cofactor and will be recycled coenzyme |
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Term
| Mg+2 is a macronutrient bc |
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Definition
| it is always bound to ATP or ADP |
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Term
| finish slide 8 on tegrity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 3 types of phosphorylation |
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Term
| 3 types of phosphorylation |
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Definition
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation photophosphorylation |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 mechanisms where ATP is a substrate |
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Term
| 3 mechanisms where atp is substrate |
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Definition
phosphorylate
hydrolysis
hydrolysis releasing pyrophosphate |
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Term
ATP used to phosphorylate an--
rxn |
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Definition
organic molecule
ATP + glucose ↔ ADP + glucose-6-phosphate(hexokinase) |
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Term
| ATP Hydrolysis releasing phosphate |
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Definition
| ATP + H2O ↔ ADP + Pi (PO4-3) + 2H+ |
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Term
| ATP Hydrolysis releasing pyrophosphate |
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Definition
(irreversible)
ATP + H2O → AMP + PPi (P2O7-4) + 2H+ |
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| ATP Hydrolysis releasing pyrophosphate used for |
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Definition
| DNA biosynthesis, antibiotic biosynthesis |
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Term
reason for irreversibility of
ATP Hydrolysis releasing pyrophosphate |
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Definition
| Irreversible bc no enzymes that do AMP-> ATP. Forces a set of rxns to go forward. |
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