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| Unlike earlier immigrants, who mainly came from northern and western Europe, the "new immigrants" came largely from southern and eastern Europe. |
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| New Yorks Lower east side |
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The Lower East Side, (often abbreviated as LES), is a neighborhood in the southeastern part of the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is roughly bounded by Allen Street, East Houston Street, Essex Street, Canal Street, Eldridge Street, East Broadway, and Grand Street.
It was traditionally an immigrant, working class neighborhood. But it has undergone rapid gentrification since 2005,[citation needed] prompting The National Trust for Historic Preservation to place the neighborhood on their list of America's Most Endangered Places.[2] It has become a home to upscale boutiques and trendy dining establishments along Clinton Street's restaurant row. |
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| Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 |
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| band all Chinese immigrants Chinese Exclusion Act\ Any of several acts forbidding the immigration of Chinese laborers into the United States, originally from 1882 to 1892 by act of May 6, 1882, then from 1892 to 1902 by act May 5, 1892. By act of April 29, 1902, all existing legislation on the subject was re["e]nacted and continued, and made applicable to the insular possessions of the United States |
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| The term "skyscraper" was first applied to buildings of steel framed construction of at least 10 storeys in the late 19th century, a result of public amazement at the tall buildings being built in major cities like Chicago, New York City, Detroit, and St. Louis.[2] The first steel frame skyscraper was the Home Insurance Building (originally 10 storeys with a height of 42 m or 138 ft) in Chicago, Illinois in 1885. |
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| a tenement building formerly common in New York City and having a long narrow plan characterized by two narrow air wells at each side |
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| a system of large-scale public transportation in a given metropolitan area, typically comprising buses, subways, and elevated trains. |
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| a leader in a political party who controls votes and dictates appointments; "party bosses have a reputation for corruption" |
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| A political machine is a political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts. The machine's power is based on the ability of the workers to get out the vote for their candidates on election day.A political machine is a political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts. The machine's power is based on the ability of the workers to get out the vote for their candidates on election day. |
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the application of Christian principles to social problems
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capitalized S&G: a movement in American Protestant Christianity especially in the first part of the 20th century to bring the social order into conformity with Christian principles
First Known Use of SOCIAL GOSPEL
1890 |
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| settlement house movement |
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| The settlement movement was a reformist social movement, beginning in the 1880s and peaking around the 1920s in England and the US, with a goal of getting the rich and poor in society to live more closely together in an interdependent community. Its main object was the establishment of "settlement houses" in poor urban areas, in which volunteer middle-class "settlement workers" would live, hoping to share knowledge and culture with, and alleviate the poverty of their low-income neighbors.[1] In the US, by 1913 there were 413 settlements in 32 states.[2] |
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| Jane Adams and Hull House |
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| Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 – May 21, 1935) was a pioneer settlement worker, founder of Hull House in Chicago, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in woman suffrage and world peace. Beside presidents such as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, she was the most prominent[1] reformer of the Progressive Era and helped turn the nation to issues of concern to mothers, such as the needs of children, public health, and world peace. She said that if women were to be responsible for cleaning up their communities and making them better places to live, they needed the vote to be effective in doing so. Addams became a role model for middle-class women who volunteered to uplift their communities |
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| Lillian Wald and Hull House |
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Henry Street Settlement founder Lillian Wald (1867-1940) was a tireless and accomplished humanitarian. Born into a life of privilege, and descended from a family of Jewish professionals, at age 22 Wald came to Manhattan to attend the New York Hospital School of Nursing.
In 1893, after witnessing first-hand the poverty and hardship endured by immigrants on the Lower East Side, she founded Henry Street Settlement. She moved into the neighborhood and, living and working among the industrial poor, she and her colleagues offered health care to area residents in their homes on a sliding fee scale. In addition to health care, Henry Street provided social services and instruction in everything from the English language to music. |
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| "separate but equal" status for black Americans. |
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| The Civil Rights Act of 1875 affirmed the equality of all persons in the enjoyment of transportation facilities, in hotels and inns, and in theaters and places of public amusement. Though privately owned, these businesses were like public utilities, exercising public functions for the benefit of the public and, thus, subject to public regulation. In five separate cases, a black person was denied the same accommodations as a white person in violation of the 1875 Act. |
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Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896), is a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal." [1]
The decision was handed down by a vote of 7 to 1 with the majority opinion written by Justice Henry Billings Brown and the dissent written by Justice John Marshall Harlan. "Separate but equal" remained standard doctrine in U.S. law until its repudiation in the 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education. [2] |
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a legal doctrine in United States constitutional law that justified systems of segregation. Under this doctrine, services, facilities and public accommodations were allowed to be separated by race, on the condition that the quality of each group's public facilities was to remain equal. The phrase was derived from a Louisiana law of 1890.
Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/separate-but-equal#ixzz1xhjEr21n |
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| Poll taxes were used mainly in the southern United States to keep African-Americans from being allowed to vote in elections because they were unable to afford the poll tax. |
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| originated in late-19th-century legislation and constitutional amendments passed by a number of U.S. Southern states, which created new literacy and property restrictions on voting, but exempted those whose ancestors (grandfathers) had the right to vote before the Civil War. The intent and effect of such rules was to prevent poor and illiterate African American former slaves and their descendants from voting, but without denying poor and illiterate whites the right to vote. Although these original grandfather clauses were eventually ruled unconstitutional, the terms grandfather clause and grandfather remain in use, with no connotation regarding the justness of these provisions when applied in other areas. |
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The federal government first employed literacy tests as part of the immigration process in 1917. Southern state legislatures employed literacy tests as part of the voter registration process as early as the late 19th century.
Literacy tests, along with poll taxes and extra-legal intimidation,[1] were used to deny suffrage to African-Americans. The first formal voter literacy tests were introduced in 1890. Whites were exempted from the literacy test if they could meet alternate requirements that, in practice, excluded blacks. These included demonstrating political competence in person or showing descent from someone who was eligible to vote before 1867 (the post-Civil War civil rights constitutional amendments 13, 14, and 15 were enacted in 1865, 1868, and 1870, respectively). |
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| founder of the Tuskegee Institute(1882) an agricutural and vocational training school in Alabama. |
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| speech made by Booker T Washington - one of the most impotant and influential speeches in American History |
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| Massachusetts born - Harvard trained attacked Washingtons philosophy |
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| american literature written by W.E.B. DuBois (pub 1903) |
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| is the name of two historically distinct American retail enterprises. It can refer either to the defunct mail order and department store retailer which operated between 1872 and 2001, or to the original name of the online retailer Wards. |
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| successful competitor to Montgomery Ward - brought benefits of mass production to farms and small towns by selling everything from clothes to agriculture implements through their catalogs |
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| retail chain stores such as Woolworth in 1879 - large volume buying and heavy advertising - |
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| generally refer to primary or secondary schools mandated for or offered to all children by the government, whether national, regional, or local, provided by an institution of civil government, and paid for, in whole or in part, by public funding from taxation |
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| led to the creation of 12 new state colleges and 6 black colleges and the federal government provided partial funding for these institutions through the second Morrill Act - United States statutes that allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges, including the Morrill Act of 1862 (7 U.S.C. § 301 et seq.) and the Morrill Act of 1890 (the Agricultural College Act of 1890, |
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| Second Morrill Act of 1890 |
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| federal government provided partial funding for these institutions |
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| theatrical genre of variety entertainment in the United States and Canada from the early 1880s until the early 1930s -Types of acts included popular and classical musicians, dancers, comedians, trained animals, magicians, female and male impersonators, acrobats, illustrated songs, jugglers, one-act plays or scenes from plays, athletes, lecturing celebrities, minstrels, and movies. A Vaudeville performer is often referred to as a vaudevillian. |
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| a sport that is characterized by the presence of spectators, or watchers, at its matches. For instance, Tennis, Rugby, F-1, baseball, basketball, cricket, field hockey, football (association, gridiron, rugby league and rugby union), and ice hockey are spectator sports, while hunting or underwater hockey typically are not. Spectator sports may be professional sports or amateur sports. They often are distinguished from participant sports, which are more recreational; golf and tennis can be either. Association Football (or soccer) is by far the most watched sport on the planet. |
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| musical genre which enjoyed its peak popularity between 1897 and 1918 - main characteristic trait is its syncopated, or "ragged," rhythm.[2] It began as dance music in the red-light districts of African American communities in St. Louis and New Orleans years before being published as popular sheet music for piano -Ragtime fell out of favor as jazz claimed the public's imagination after 1917, |
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| first and best known of the great amusement parks which offered exhilerating rides, strange sideshows and cheap foods. reached their peak during the first half of the 20th century |
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| Samuel Langhorne Clemens, first major american writer born west of the appalachian mountains The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(1876) & The Adventures of Huckleberry Fin (1884) |
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| wrote The Portrait of a Lady (1881)- American-born writer, regarded as one of the key figures of 19th-century literary realism. |
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| wrote more than 100 young adult novels beginning w the best seller Ragged Dick (1867) - did more than anyone else to popularize the "rags-to-riches" myths |
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