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2ND MIDTERM
BASCILLI-PARASITES
50
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
03/15/2012

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Bacillus anthracis
Definition
aerobic, gram +ve, anthrax from spores in soil, protein coat, creates exotoxin (PX01=Edema factor, protective, lethal factor; PX02 encodes these)
Term
Bacillus cereus
Definition
Aerobic, Gram +ve, enterotoxin causes food poisoning. Heat labile is milder than heat stabile. Need to heat to kill to kill the toxin (rice!)
Term
Clostridium botulinum
Definition
Anaerobic, spores have neurotoxin=fatal food poisoning, blocks ACh in autonomic NS=FLACCID MUSCLES=DEATH
Get it from canned things, smoked fish, honey for kids with no immune system
Use an antitoxin
Term
Clostridium tetani
Definition
anerobic, Gram +ve, spores product exotoxin which causes excess contraction. Have a booster vaccine.
Term
Clostridium perfringens
Definition
Gram +ve bacilli, spores anaerobic and produce gas in cells=gas gangrene. Toxin produced causes cellulitis which destroys muscle and tissues. Treat with oxygen or penicilin.
Term
Clostridium difficile
Definition
Gram +ve bacilli. Opportunistic bacteria in hospital: cause of pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Overuse of Antibiotics leads to destruction of normal flora so C. difficile can move in. Colon releases exotoxin. A=GI, B=cytotoxin.
Term
Listeria monocytogenes
Definition
Gram +ve psychrophile. Crosses the blood-brain barrier. In deli meats and cheeses. Worse for old and immunocompromised. Give Abio
Term
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Definition
Gram +ve Bacilli. Aerobic. Exotoxin in pharynx, causes CNS damage, heart problems via protein created. Give antitoxin, penicilin, DPT Vaccine.
Term
Tests for Gram -Ve
Definition
EMB - fermenters are dark, inhibits +ve
Maconkey - inhibits grm +ve
Enzymes
Antigens : outer LPS, cell wall, flagella
Term
Types of Enteric Disease (4)
Definition
Enteric : top layer of cells, exo and enterotoxin (Exotoxin : Diarrhea, Enterotoxin: fluid loss).
Diarrhea with incasion : blood=shigella salmonella
Diarrhea with Lymph: pain, W+RBC in stool. Typhus and campylobacter.
Others: UTI causes=E Coli, pseudomonas
Term
Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis
Definition
Non fermenting, animal reservoir, gram -ve. Causes mild nausea, vomitting, pain. From poultry, milk, eggs, canteloupe. Don't give Abio since they recover.
Term
Salmonella enterica serovar typhi
Definition
Gram -ve, non fermenting animal reservoir. Enteric fever, general infection in bloodstream, hemmorage, ulcers, absesses. Chronic or carrier.
Term
Escherichia coli
Definition
Aerobic, Gram -ve, fermenter, normal flora. 4 types:
-Enteropatho=infants
-Enterotoxigenic=traveller's diarrhea
-Enteroinvasive= diarrhea
-E. coli 0157:H7 = hemorragic colitis, toxins from hamburger. Fever=death.
Term
Shigellae sonnei
Definition
Gram -ve, true pathogen. Faecal route. Foods in north america. Pus in stool.
Term
Shigellae dysenteriae
Definition
Gram -ve. In the tropics, food based. Severe invasion of the colon causes diarrhea, cramps, fever. Retain amount of the organism for time after.
Term
Vibrio cholerae
Definition
Gram -ve, enterotoxin binds to cells=water loss. Cholera. Severe dehydration and death. Caused by faeces in water.
Term
Campylobacter jejuni
Definition
Gram -ve, in foods and binds to normal flora. Causes pain, fever, diarrhea, bloody stool. Microaerophilic (needs specific amount of 02)
Term
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Definition
Gram -ve, not enteric. Opportunistic pathogen. Lives in moist areas. Antiobio resistant. Afflicts CF and burn patients with respiratory effects and severe infection.
Term
Pseudomonas cepacia
Definition
Gram -ve, non enteric. Lives in moist area, antibiotic resistant, opportunistic. Used in bioremediation in spills but affects CF patients.
Term
Haemophilus influenzae
Definition
Gram -ve, non enteric. Respiratory normal nose flora. Leads to invasive meningitis and pnemonia in kids. Chronic bronchitis heightened when introduced to bacteria. Vaccine!
Term
Enterobacter sakazakii
Definition
Gram -ve, not enteric. Opportunistic for premature babies. From soil, cows, in baby formula. Nosocomial.
Term
Helicobacter pylori
Definition
Gram -ve, non enteric, spiral, microaerophilic (certain amount 02). Causes ulcers (also stress and acid) so use pepto bismol (bismuth helps raise pH with urease) and antibiotics.
Term
Bordetella pertussis
Definition
Gram -ve, non enteric. Whooping cough in kids. Vaccine used. Toxin weakens host cells which release exotoxin and destroy the cell. Lots of mucus=cough.
Term
Legionella pneumofila
Definition
Gram -ve, non enteric. Water borne, opportunistic. Aerosol, legionaire's cause. Not spread person-person: only through aerosol vector.
Term
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2 stages)
Definition
Mycobacterium, ziehl-neelsen carbol fuchin tiral. Acid fast, aerobic.
Lives in the host (intracellular)
1. Inhale mycobacterium, lives in alveoli and survives in macrophages. Build primary complex lesion and hides away. 6 weeks. Use tuberculin test=10mm.
2. Post primary: later reactivation of lesion in the body. HIV and those with chronic disease at risk
Term
Mycobacterium leprae
Definition
Mycobacterium. Causes leprosy.
a)Tuberculoid: plaques, PNS, low infectibility.
b) Lepromatous: lots of plaques, some loss of nervous, highly infectious
-given by human-human droplets. Give antibiotics.
Term
Treponema pallidum
Definition
Spirochete. Sprial, small. Causes Syphilus.
Primary: canchre 3-4 weeks. Shows treponemes in serology.
Secondary : 6 weeks, rahs and mucosal lesions.
Latent: 4 years, not infectious. Women give it congenitally through birth canal.
Late: endarteritis, skin and mucus linings, heart, NS fails.
1. Non treponemal test (antigen similar) 2. Treponemal : real antigen ($)
Term
Borrelia burgdoferi
Definition
Spriochete. Tick vector! Affects NS, joints, skin, heart. Can't grow. Use serology. Treat with vaccine (somewhat effective) or antibiotic.
Term
Chlamydia trachomatis
Definition
Chlamydiae. Causes chlamydia. Elementary Body=small and outside the host and infectious.
Reticulate Body= in host, replicates until lyse then switches back.
Women=worse, PID, infertility, ectopic pregnancy. Men=inflammation.
Also cause conjuctivitis in newborns.
Term
Chlamydia pnemoniae
Definition
Chylamydiae. Aerosol, Respiratory infection. Most are asymptomatic.
Term
Chlamydia psittaci
Definition
Chylamydiae. Bird pathogen (normal flora for them) via faeces (aerosol too). Pnemonia or endocarditis.
Term
Mycoplasma pnemoniae
Definition
Mycoplasms. Respiratory pnemonia or meningitis or heart problems. Give antibiotic.
Term
Mycoplasma hominis/ureaplasma urealyticum
Definition
Mycoplasm. Genital normal flora. Infection grows with number of partners. Urethritis, PID, Fever.
Term
Cryptococus neoformans
Definition
Fungus. Yeast with capsule. Stays in the lungs, usually asymptomatic. Can cause meningitis in immunocompromised and HIV. Give drugs, may need long term treatment.
Term
Aspergillus flavus
Definition
Fungus. Spores are everywhere. IgE sensitivity. Causes pnemonia. Aflatoxin in peanuts, grains and rice.
Term
Giardia lamblia
Definition
Parasite. Infection of the bowel, asympto of GI or growth issues. Trophozoites->cysts and ingest these. Animal and human carriers. Give drugs or filter water.
Term
Trichomonas vaginalis
Definition
Parasite. Caused by mucous membranes (reproductive) touching. Foul discharge, vaginitis. Increased risk for Cancer and HIV. Babies low birth weight. Give metroniozol.
Term
Entamoeba histolytica
Definition
Parasite. Infection of large intestine cells. Bloody stool, asympto except for liver lung and brain issues in rare cases. Look for cysts in stool. In foods and transferred by faeces by flies. Give metronidazol.
Term
Toxoplasma gondii
Definition
Parasite. Causes fever or congenital leads to encephalitis, myocarditis, schizo, retardation, eye and liver.
ONLY FROM CAT OOCYTES. Raw undercooked meat consumed by cats and then poop out cysts.
Term
Plasmodium spp.
Definition
Parasite. Falciparum causes malaria. Malaria is chills, fever or seizures, coma, respiratory problems. Mosquitoes carry sporozoites or from blood donors. Do a smal and treat with antimalarial.
Term
Cryptosporidium spp.
Definition
Parasite. Causes diarrhea, vomitting, anorexia. Life threatening if immuno. Oocysts in feces from food or water. Cattle reservoir. Live in host cells in GI and respiratory. Autoinfection when oocysts stay in lumen.
Term
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Definition
Parasite. Oocysts in water and food not from animal/human reservoir. No spores. Causes nausea, vomitting, diarrhea. Treat with antiobiotics.
Term
Enterobius vermicularis
Definition
Nematode-Round Worm. Lays eggs and picked up faecal-orally in kids. (daycare) Infection in colon causes itch. Scotch tape test.
Term
Trichenella spiralis
Definition
Nematode - Round Worm. Animals and humans. Larvae in undercooked meat live in SI or in muscles. Worse is edema and fever, muscle weakness, CNS problems. In pigs. Trichenella nativa in wolves.
Term
Ascaris lumbricoides
Definition
Nematode - Round Worm. Large. Eggs and mature outside and become infective. Get from soil, water, fruit. GI discomfort.
Term
Anisakis simplex
Definition
Nematode - Round Worm. Dolphins and whales as hosts. Get from sushi. Looks like appendicitis. Causes GI, nausea, comitting, pain. Only see/remove once invasive exploratory surgery done.
Term
Diphyllobathrum latum
Definition
Cestodes - Tapeworm. Wide an logn in the SI of fish eating mammals. Asymptomatic, pain, dizzy, anemia due to it eating your food. Prolottids are segments, so look for them.
Term
Taenia saginata
Definition
Cestodes - Tapeworms. In beef. Folds and large, leading to bolus or nutritional deficit. Scolex holds onto SI.
Term
Taenia solium
Definition
Cestode - Tapeworm. Pork tapeworm. Rings hold on to epithelium. Gi effects, lead to neural if can get up to the brain.
Term
Schistosoma spp.
Definition
Trematode - Fluke. Larvae in water penetrate the skin. Host in water goes into area leading to fever, itch, enlarged lymph, spleen, liver. Look in wine or faeces (S. hematobium, S. japonicum/mansomi) Snails carry so eliminate them.
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