Term
| what are three ways of measuring the Range |
|
Definition
Outline Maps
Dot Map
Contour Maps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
display range as an irregular area
problem: center --> edge distortion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
plot points on map where species have actually been found
problems: only shows where we found them, doesn't represent entire population/distribution area
sometimes joined with an outline map |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
indicate variation in density and abundance w/in a range
computer calculated
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
all organisms have the inherent potential to increase their numbers exponentially
because resources limit growth, and many environments are unstable, no organisms actually increase indefinitely (except for humans)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| habitat concept; emphasis on where the species live |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
functional concept; emphasis on the trophic position
job AND location |
|
|
Term
| Multidimensional Hutchinson Niche |
|
Definition
multi-dimensional space of resources that a species nees to servive and reproduce
remember temporal variation in relation to this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| species neiche in the absence of any interspecific competition and predation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| species niche in the presence of competing and/or predator species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
source pop in suitable habitate (birth faster than death), full carrying capacity, species migrate to a useful habitat which may be a sink pop (death faster than birth)
moving to edge of niche/fitness, can't really reproduce in sink unless hybridize, more from sorce to sink |
|
|
Term
| principle of competitive exlusion (Gause's principle) |
|
Definition
species can't coexist in a community if their niches are the same/identical
only applies if ecological factors are constant (but they aren't, this is idealistic)
many exceptions observed in natural systems |
|
|
Term
| temperature as a physical limiting factor ex |
|
Definition
saguaro's tolerance to low temp
bark beetles over wintering temperature limits
* climate change --> warm enough to help vs cold enough to harm
eastern phoebe winter range (food limited) |
|
|
Term
| Liebigs' law of the minimum |
|
Definition
originally developed for agriculture: yeild is proportional to the amount of the most limiting nutrient
oversimplification
interaction among multiple factors |
|
|
Term
| precipitation as a limiting physical factor ex |
|
Definition
| orographic precipitation and vegetation gradients (windward vs leeward side) |
|
|
Term
soil moisture as a physical limiting factor
xerophytes and mesophytes |
|
Definition
xerophytes - full sun, dry soil, south slopes (more dir. sunlight)
mesophytes - wetter, more shated environments |
|
|
Term
| solar radiation: broad scale and fine scale |
|
Definition
broad: how the sun hits the earth depending on tilt/rotation
fine: sun flecks falling through foilage toward understory |
|
|
Term
| wind as a physical limiting factor ex |
|
Definition
timberline and wind
* timberline is determined by temperature at broad scales
* wind is a critical local limiting factor of timberline |
|
|
