Term
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Definition
| this is where filtration takes place; this consists of glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule) and enclosed glomerulus |
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Term
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Definition
| these cells, located on the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule, cling to the glomerulus capillaries; highly modified branching cells |
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Term
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Definition
| descending and ascending loop of Henle |
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Term
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Definition
| nephrons that are located entirely in cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| these nephrons' loop of Henle go deep into medulla; produce concentrated urine |
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Term
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Definition
| these capillaries cling closely to renal tubules and absorb solutes and water from the tubule cells |
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Term
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Definition
| the peritubular capillaries of juxtamedullary nephrons; they extend deep into medulla paralleling the longest loops of Henle |
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Term
| juxtaglomerular apparatus |
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Definition
| this is the most distal portion of ascending limb of loop of Henle; this lies against the afferent arteriole feeding the glomerulus |
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Term
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Definition
| these muscle cells act as mechanoreceptors that sense blood pressure in afferent arterioles |
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Term
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Definition
| chemoreceptors that that respond to changes in NaCl content; this and granular cells play important roles in regulating rate of filtrate formation |
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Term
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Definition
| this membrane lies between blood and interior of glomerular capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| this pressure is responsible for filtrate formation |
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Term
| glomerular hydrostatic pressure |
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Definition
| force pushing water and solutes out of blood and across filtration membrane |
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Term
| colloid osmotic pressure of glomerular blood and capsular hydrostatic pressure |
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Definition
| two filtration - opposing forces |
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Term
| glomerular filtration rate |
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Definition
| volume of filtrate formed each minute by combined activity of all 2 million glomeruli of kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
| part of renal autoregulation (intrinisc control); tendency of vascular smooth muscle to contract when stretched; increasing systemic BP causes afferent arteries to constrict which restricts flow into glomerulus; opposite when low BP |
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Term
| tubuloglomerular feedback |
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Definition
| (intrinsic control); directed by macula densa cells of juxtaglomerular apparatus; these cells, located on walls of ascending limb of Henle's loop, respond to filtrate concentration NaCl concentration |
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Term
| sympathetic nervous system control |
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Definition
| extrinsic control of filtration; during stress; neural controls constrict afferent arterioles inhibiting filtrate; this in turn trips the renin-angiotensin mechanism by stimulating macula densa |
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Term
| renin-angiotensin mechanism |
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Definition
| triggered when various stimuli cause granular cells to release renin which enzymatically acts on angiotensinogen converts it to angiotensin I. this turns into angiotensin II by ACE; angiotensin II stabilizes systemic BP |
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