Term
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Definition
-smallest living unit
-most basic unit
*many different shapes, sizes and functions |
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Term
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Definition
| Ovum, can been seen with naked eye |
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Term
| how many cells does the body have? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| study of cells, relatively new due to discovery of microscopes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| of or for a bow (posion arrow) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-major ones in body (make up 96% of body weight)
*oxygen
*carbon
*hydrogen
*nitrogen |
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Term
| other major elements found in body |
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Definition
| Potassium(K), Sodium (Na) Magnesium (Mg) and Calcium (Ca) |
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Term
| most abundant COMPOUND in a human boday is.... |
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Definition
WATER, H20
60% of body weight |
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Term
classes of compounds
-organic |
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Definition
| contain carbon atoms, connected in chains to other carbon atoms or hydrogen and present in living organisms |
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Term
classes of compounds
-inorganic |
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Definition
| have either no carbons or single carbons |
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Term
| examples of inorganic compounds |
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Definition
-water
-atmospheric gases
-electrolytes
-acids
-bases
-salts |
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Term
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Definition
-carbs
-lipids
-proteins
-nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
- Obtains nutrients and other essential
substances
- Disposes of waste, maintains shape and
integrity
- Replicate
- Organelles carry out the cell’s functions
- Three main parts to cell: plasma membrane,
cytoplasm, nucleus |
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Term
plasma membrane
-structure |
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Definition
-Phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded (proteins can move
around within bilayer)
-Polar “head” is charged (and attracted to water – TERM?), nonpolar
tail has fatty acid chains that avoid water (TERM?); tail-to-tail
organization |
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Term
plasma membrane
-components |
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Definition
-Cholesterol (affects fluidity and stability, esp. in cold)
-Glycolipids- small amount, function not known too well, believed to
be cell recognition; ~10% of outer lipids
-Proteins- control cell membrane function |
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Term
plasma membrane
-membrane protein functions~integral peripheral |
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Definition
-Transport
- Communication (ion channels, hormone receptors)
- Sugar chains attach to integral proteins and form external cell
surface |
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Term
plasma membrane
-function |
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Definition
-Protective barrier
-Receptors (proteins can allow some substances
to bind)
-Controls passage of molecules into and out of
cell – divides intracellular and extracellular fluid
-Largest molecules (macromolecules) travel via
vesicular (bulk) transport |
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Term
bulk transport
-exocytosis |
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Definition
-exo=out of
-Most secretion processes (e.g., mucus)
-Substance is housed in vesicle (membrane sac)
-Proteins vesicle membrane and plasma membrane to
bind |
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Term
bulk transport
- endocytosis |
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Definition
-endo = into
Substance is taken into
folding part of plasma
membrane, vesicle
formed and pinched off
-Phagocytosis (“celleating”)
-Pseudopods
engulf material,
forming
phagosome –
often fuses with
lysosomes (more
on these later)
-Pinocytosis (aka fluidphase
endocytosis or “cell
drinking”)
-Receptor-mediated
endocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
-Internal to plasma membrane, external to nucleus
-Fluid, 80-90% water, rest is dissolved or suspended |
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Term
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Definition
-Small functional units within cell, most have their own
membrane (similar to plasma membrane)
-Location where metabolism takes place |
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Term
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Definition
-Temporary structures – may or may not be present in
given cell type (e.g., pigments, food stores) |
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Term
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Definition
-Synthesizes CHO and is involved in secretions
-Combines the CHO with proteins to form glycoproteins that
accumulate in channels of Golgi
-When channels get full, vesicles break off, are carried to cell
membrane, and are released from cell (what is this process called?)
OR go to lysosomes (or cell membrane)
-Does sorting, processing, and packaging |
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Term
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Definition
| -relatively large (about the size of mitochondrion |
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Term
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Definition
| cells that secrete a lot, like pancreas, salivary glands |
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Term
| Lysosomes and Peroxisomes function |
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Definition
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Term
| Lysosomes and Peroxisomes size |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| LOTS found in liver, kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
Network of rods in cytosol that supports structures
and cell movements |
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Term
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Definition
Network of rods in cytosol that supports structures
and cell movements |
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Term
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Definition
-microtubules
-microfilaments
-intermediate filaments |
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Term
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Definition
-Largest diameter, all come from centrosome, made of protein
-Stiff but bendable – give cell shape and organize organelles |
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Term
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Definition
-Thinnest elements
-Strands of actin (protein) – interact with myosin for cell
contraction (more in muscle section) |
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Term
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Definition
| tough, insoluble protein fibers- most stable |
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Term
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Definition
-Spherical structure in cytoplasm near nucleus
-No membranes, contains matrix (helps with
growth of microtubules) and centrioles |
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Term
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Definition
-Lie perpendicular to each other, barrel-shaped
-Help form cilia, flagella, and mitotic spindle |
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Term
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Definition
Directs protein
synthesis- hence,regulates cell activity(contains DNA) |
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Term
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Definition
Largest single organelle
in cell (up to ½ celldiameter ~5
micrometers) |
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Term
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Definition
Not all nuclei are
located in center of cell;
Some cells, like muscle
are multinucleated; One
cell, the red blood cell
(RBC) is anucleated |
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Term
protein synthesis
-transcription |
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Definition
DNA is a double-stranded helix that gets split and
coded to mRNA |
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Term
protein synthesis
-translation |
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Definition
| inside ribosome, RNA gets changed to proteins |
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Term
| orgenelles involved in protein synthesis |
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Definition
| nucleus, ribosome, ER, Golgi |
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Term
| overview of protein synthesis |
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Definition
-transcription
-mRNA goes into cytosol and over to a ribosome
-translation
-Proteins go out into ER and are stored, transported
-If transported, proteins go to Golgi for modification,
packaging |
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