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| living cells suspended in blood plasma |
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| RBCs, 4-6 million in a cubed mm of blood, transport O2 and help transport CO2. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of the oxygen carried in the blood. Biconcave, anucleate disc; salmon colored, diameter 7-8 micrometers. development:5-7 days, lifespan: 100-120 days. |
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| WBCs, spherical, nucleated cells. 4,800-10,800 cells/mm^3 of blood |
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| leukocytes with cytoplasmic granules: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.Neu |
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| most abundant of WBCs. has 3-7 lobes in the nucleus. multilobed nucleus, inconspicuous cytoplasmic granules; diameter 10-12micrometers. 3-7thousand cells/mm^3. development: 6-9days, lifespan: 6hrs-a few days, phagocytizes bacteria |
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| 2-4% of leukocyte population. nucleus bilobed; red cytoplasmic granules; diameter 10-14micrometers, 100-400 cells/mm^3 of blood. Development takes 6-9 days, and lifespan is 8-12 days. Kills parasitic worms; destroys antigen-antibody complexes; inactivates some inflammatory chemicals of allergy |
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| least abundant leukocyte. Contains histamine. Nucleus lobed; large blue-purple cytoplasmic granules; diameter 8-10 micrometers. 20-50/mm^3 of blood. development is 3-7 days, lifespan is a few hours to a few days. Realeases histamine and other mediators of inflammation; contains heparin, an anticoagulant |
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| leukocytes without cytoplasmic granules: lymphocytes and monocytes. More abundant in lymphoid tissues. |
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| Nucleus spherical or indented; pale blue cytoplasm; diameter 5-17 micrometers, 1,500-3,000/mm^3 of blood. development: days to weeks, lifespan: hours to years. Mounts immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies |
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| largest leukocyte. 3-8% of population. Nucleus U or kidney shaped; gray-blue cytoplasm; diameter 14-24 micrometers. 100-700/mm^3 of blood. development: 2-3 days; lifespan: months. Phagocytosis; develops into macrophages in tissues. |
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| discoid cytoplasmic fragments containing granules; stain deep purple; diameter 2-4 micrometers. 150-400 thousand/mm^3 of blood. develops in 4-5 days, lives 5-10 days. Seals small tears in blood vessels; instrumental in blood clotting |
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| drop blood on slide, take another slide and dip it on the side of the drop towards the longer end of the first slide, then slide it down, dragging, not pushing the blood with it. |
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| ability to move in and out of plood vessels |
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| oversees the production of antibodies that are realeased to blood |
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| plays a regulatory rol and destroys grafts, tumors, and virus-infected cells. 25% or more of the WBC population. |
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| large multinucleate cells formed in the bone marrow (which fragment into platelets) |
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| high WBC count: may indicated bacterial or viral infection, metabolic disease, hemorrhage, or poisoning by drugs or chemicals. |
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| decrease in WBC count to <4000/mm^3: may indicate typhoid fever, measles, infectious hepatitis or cirrhosis, tuberculosis, or excessive antibiotic or X-ray therapy. |
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| malignant disorder of the lymphoid tissues characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal WBCs and a reduction of RBCs and platelets. |
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| increase in RBCs: may result from bone marrow cancer or from living at high altitudes where less oxygen is available. |
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| decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood that may result from a decrease in RBC number or size or a decreased hemoglobin content of the RBCs |
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| differential white blood cell count |
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| tests the percentages of a blood sample against the average Joe. Helps determine if there's a problem in the numbers and the person's health. |
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| packed cell volume (PCV): routinely determined when anemia is suspected. Centrifuging whole blood spins the formed elements to the bottom of the tube, with plasm forming the top layer. |
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| technique to extimate the hemoglobin content of blood. Involves matching colors. |
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| the speed at which RBCs settle to the bottom of a vertical tube when allowed to stand. normal: 0-6mm/hr. Three stages: rouleaux formation, rapid settling, and final packing. |
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| alignment of RBCs like a stack of pennies, doesn't occur with abnormally-shaped RBCs. |
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| how long bleeding lasts: tests the ability of platelets to stop bleeding in capillaries and small vessels. |
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| blood clotting: a protective mechanism that minmized blood loss when blood vessels are ruptured, requires the interaction of many substances normally present in the plasma and some realesed by platelets and injured tissues. |
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| Tissue facor, triggers (w/ PF3) the clotting mechanism or cascade, interacts with other blood protein clotting factors and calcium ions to form prothrombin activators.. and eventually a clot. |
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| acts with TF to spur clot forming |
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| converts prothrombin to thromin |
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| acts enzymatically to polymerize the soluble fibrinogen proteins in plasm to insoluble fibrin: clot forming... |
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| liquid fibers in plasma ready to help form clots |
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| forms a meshwork of strands that traps the RBCs and forms the basis of the clot. |
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| agglutinogens: specific glycoproteins on the outer surface of the RBC plasma membrane. genetically determined |
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| agglutinins: accompany antigens, plasma proteins that react with RBCs bearing different antigens, causing them to be clumped, agglutinated, and eventually hemolyzed. |
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