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Definition
Newman
Be I (second version)
1970
Color Field
Zips interrupt by creating aggressive breaks within the painting, the zips are part of the painting as well as a division of the painting. Duel functions. |
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Definition
Newman
Cathedra
1955
Color Field
Zips interrupt by creating aggressive breaks within the painting, the zips are part of the painting as well as a division of the painting. Duel functions. |
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Definition
Newman
Vir Heroicus Sublimis
1955
Color Field
Man is a mythic powerful creator. Zips interrupt by creating aggressive breaks within the painting, the zips are part of the painting as well as a division of the painting. Duel functions. |
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Definition
Frankenthaler
Canyon
1965
Color Field
Uses the body as an instrument. Directs the movement of her body to create the piece, and means to absorb the viewer. Flatness becomes not paint on top of a surface, but becomes part of the surface. Seeping saturated color, and rays of thickened oil paint. |
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Definition
Frankenthaler
Bay
1965
Color Field
Uses the body as an instrument. Directs the movement of her body to create the piece, and means to absorb the viewer. Flatness becomes not paint on top of a surface, but becomes part of the surface. Seeping saturated color, and rays of thickened oil paint. |
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Definition
Frankenthaler
Paris Review
~1965
Color Field
Uses the body as an instrument. Directs the movement of her body to create the piece, and means to absorb the viewer. Flatness becomes not paint on top of a surface, but becomes part of the surface. Seeping saturated color, and rays of thickened oil paint. |
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Definition
Louis
Faces
1960
Color Field
Spreading and seeping. Paint and canvas become one. References gestural quality. Doesn't apply the gestural quality using his hands, but through dripping and seeping. Immersive sense of absorption by layering in the colors and the painting’s overwhelming scale. |
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Definition
Louis
Delta Lambda
1960
Color Field
Spreading and seeping. Paint and canvas become one. References gestural quality. Doesn't apply the gestural quality using his hands, but through dripping and seeping. Immersive sense of absorption by layering in the colors and the painting’s overwhelming scale. |
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Term
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Definition
Klein
Anthropometries
1960
Nouveau Realism
Used visual language of abstract expressionism but poking fun at the idea of the mythical artist. Yves Klein patented blue, conveys own mythic persona as Yves Kelin
Used models with paint on body to paint on canvas, poked fun at abstract expressionism, public environment. |
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Definition
Johns
Flag on Orange Field
1960
Neo Dada
References everyday flat objects. Abstract expressionist’s thickly encrusted brushwork to depict everyday objects. |
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Definition
Johns
Numbers in Color
1960
Neo Dada
References everyday flat objects. Abstract expressionist’s thickly encrusted brushwork to depict everyday objects. |
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Definition
Rauschenberg
Bed
1955
Neo Dada
Takes a painting (like an abstr. Expr. Painting but reproduced as a silk screening print.) Ready made quilt from own life (horizontal object framed as a vertical art piece) – splattered paint across it.
He is not tied to specific movement, though had huge impact on the art of the time. Works were a reaction against abstract expressionism. |
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Definition
Rauschenberg
Factum I/ II
1955
Neo Dada
Takes a painting (like an abstr. Expr. Painting but reproduced as a silk screening print.) He is not tied to specific movement, though had huge impact on the art of the time. Works were a reaction against abstract expressionism.
Role of uniqueness in abstract expressionism can be replicable. |
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Term
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Definition
Rauschenberg
Monogram
1955
Goat, tire, hair placed/displayed on the floor. Challenged the idea of art being placed on the wal
Takes a painting (like an abstr. Expr. Painting but reproduced as a silk screening print.) Ready made objects.
He is not tied to specific movement, though had huge impact on the art of the time. Works were a reaction against abstract expressionism. |
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Term
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Definition
Donald Judd
Untitled
1975
Minimalist
Prolific writer and artist, and theorizes minimalist art for public/forum, textual support for what they are doing. 3D is real space. Makes repetitions of the same industrial form, negates the illusion of space as a representational form (space not trying to represent something – don’t look beyond the negative space.) Art doesn’t have to be a mark of an original hand, in existing in being only what it is – it can be art.
Space of line and color become illusionistic by using repetitious line to negate the space. We may only know its art because it’s called art. Doesn’t let you escape your reality. Deactivates the spaces in between each element, which drains the relationship of form and negative space of any expressive meaning. |
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Definition
Morris
One-person Exhibition
1965
Minimalism
How is a sculpture not a painting? Sculpture you have to move around it to experience it. Lacks feeling and content. Used prefabricated objects scattered around the room, makes “ABC art.” Industrial pieces (like Duchamp but not with a witty undertone – instead has a weighty meaning, sculpture becomes movement of an individual around a 3D object) – literal object. He detested ambiguity – can’t interpret work, is what it is. |
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Definition
Oldenburg
Soft Toilet
1965
Pop
Art can exist as an idea rather than an object, he was challenging originality. |
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Definition
Oldenburg
Store 107 East Second Street
1965
Pop
Art can exist as an idea rather than an object, he was challenging originality. |
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Definition
Lichtenstein
Little Big Painting
1965
Pop
Plays with spontaneous autobiographical movement across huge canvases. Cartoon format to reference earlier traditions of art. Playing with idea of abstract expressionist brush strokes that in his work become static.
Reference gestural quality, but a portrayal of that gesture in average sized paintings. |
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Term
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Definition
Lichtenstein
Still Life after Picasso
1965
Pop
Plays with spontaneous autobiographical movement across a huge canvases. Cartoon format to reference earlier traditions of art.Playing with idea of abstract expressionist brush strokes that in his work become static. |
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Term
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Definition
Lichtenstein
Stretcher Frame with Cross Bars V
1965
Pop
Plays with spontaneous autobiographical movement across a huge canvases. Cartoon format to reference earlier traditions of art. Playing with idea of abstract expressionist brush strokes that in his work become static. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Warhol
Marilyn Monroe
1960
Pop |
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Term
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Definition
Heizer
Dissipate Black Rock Desert, Nevada
1970
Site Specific / Earth
Considered the founder of site-specific art. Digs trenches, and makes etchings of a human construction in the natural landscape. Desire for absorption of individual into the landscape. Process of reaching the site is part of the work itself
Not meant to displace the objects, subvert the traditional norms of what art is – can only exist in photographs, must experience their art. Doesn't want art to be an object that takes up more space. The irony is that the photographs/video are still consumable. Assertion of human’s existential place in chaos. Entropy, meant to decay. Transcendent. Idea of sublime (Romantic), heightened sense of the space around you. |
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Term
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Definition
Heizer
Isolated Mass/Circumflex
1970
Site Specific / Earth
Considered the founder of site-specific art. Digs trenches, and makes etchings of a human construction in the natural landscape. Desire for absorption of individual into the landscape. Process of reaching the site is part of the work itself. Reference to ancient civilizations – moving of rock and dirt.
“The position art as malleable barter-exchange item falters as the cumulative economic structure gluts. The museums and collections are stuffed, the floors are sagging, but the real space still exists.” Not meant to displace the objects, subvert the traditional norms of what art is – can only exist in photographs, must experience their art. Doesn't want art to be an object that takes up more space. The irony is that the photographs/video are still consumable. Assertion of human’s existential place in chaos. Entropy, meant to decay. Transcendent. Idea of sublime (Romantic), heightened sense of the space around you. |
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Term
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Definition
Heizer
Double Negative Morman Mesa, Overton, NV
1970
Site Specific / Earth
Considered the founder of site-specific art. Digs trenches, and makes etchings of a human construction in the natural landscape. Desire for absorption of individual into the landscape. Process of reaching the site is part of the work itself. Reference to ancient civilizations – moving of rock and dirt. 50 ft from top to bottom, 240,000 tons of limestone displaced to create this line.
Not meant to displace the objects, subvert the traditional norms of what art is – can only exist in photographs, must experience their art. Doesn't want art to be an object that takes up more space. The irony is that the photographs/video are still consumable. Assertion of human’s existential place in chaos. Entropy, meant to decay. Transcendent. Idea of sublime (Romantic), heightened sense of the space around you. |
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Term
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Definition
De Maria
Large Darmstadt Earth Room
1975
Site Specific / Earth
Interest in the Western landscape. Uses earth/elements of the earth, measuring marking geological time.
2 feet of earth in gallery space, emphasis on approach to the room, smell the dirt, sounds are dampened. Involved in how dirt can exist as a material –-> material focused. Seamless rolling patterns across the floor. Inverse relation between urban landscape/interior space and the dirt from the natural world. |
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Term
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Definition
De Maria
Lightning Field
1975
Site Specific / Earth
Interest in the Western landscape. Uses earth/elements of the earth, measuring marking geological time.
400 stainless steel poles, arranged specific distance apart. When the sun’s out they’re almost invisible. Attracts lightning.
Process of experiencing these works – coming up to these to view it, need 24 hrs. Presence of watching the light hit the poles, he wants you to feel vulnerable. Space in between that gets charged with meaning |
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Term
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Definition
Smithson
Spiral Jetty
1970
Site Specific / Earth
Interested in sublime aspects of nature. Human kinds relation to the landscape, their impact upon the natural surface. All nature is moving towards entropy & chaos, disintegration and decay. Dark, pessimistic perspective.
Interested in science fiction writers – alien. 6,650 tons of rock/material – 1500ft long and 15ft wide. References idea of labyrinth (ancient idea.) Cinematic time (unfolding process of time with the work.) Wants you to walk around the spiral, time & duration of the event. Feel physicality. |
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Term
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Definition
Christo
Valley Curtain
1975
Site Specific / Earth
Visual and aesthetic impact that is as large as the effect on the psyche. Large scale installation, process of building it is part of the art itself. Took years to produce, logistics of getting site approval. |
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Term
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Definition
Smithson
Nonsite (Essen Soil and Mirrors)
1970
Site Specific / Earth
Dislocation of landscape. Viewing dirt from specific location emphasizes your dislocation from the landscape. Physical reality that we are not aware of when we enter the interior/gallery space.
Interested in sublime aspects of nature. Human kinds relation to the landscape, their impact upon the natural surface. All nature is moving towards entropy & chaos, disintegration and decay. Dark, pessimistic perspective. |
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Term
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Definition
Christo
Running Fence
1975
Site Specific / Earth
Visual and aesthetic impact that is as large as the effect on the psyche. Large scale installation, process of building it is part of the art itself. Took years to produce, logistics of getting site approval. |
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Term
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Definition
Chicago
The Dinner Party
1975
Performance/Body Art/Conceptual
Use of body as symbolic of history, past achievements. 39 place settings commemorating female body – universal connector between women. Vulgar expression of sexuality/female parts. Women inscribed their names & of women before them. |
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Term
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Definition
Mendieta
Silueta Works in Mexico
1975
Performance/Body Art/Conceptual
Inscribes her body into the landscape & creates framework around work – all natural pieces (earth artist.) Personification of nature, connect to mystical idea of primordial past, her physical past, primordial consciousness. |
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Term
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Definition
Mendieta
Silueta w/ Fireworks and Bamboo, Oaxaca
1975
Performance/Body Art/Conceptual
Inscribes her body into the landscape & creates framework around work – all natural pieces (earth artist.) Personification of nature, connect to mystical idea of primordial past, her physical past, primordial consciousness. |
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Term
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Definition
van der Rohe
Lake Shore Drive Apartments
1955
Modern Architecture
High modernist, curtain glass wall, surrounded by the green space. Only white curtains to control aesthetic look. Pilotis – pillars that lift up the building, open lobby. |
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Term
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Definition
Venturi
Chestnut Hill: Vanna Venturi house
1960
Post-Modern Architecture
Reaction to modernist architecture – post-modernist arch (categorized as such but all the architects who work under this title reject it.)
Draw lessons from Las Vegas, Levittown, eclecticism of American architecture so that it can be more livable – walk able environment (based on Rome.) |
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Term
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Definition
Corbusier
Assembly building, India
1955
Modern Architecture
Understood how much automobile would transform urban life. Wanted to provide modest low income accessible housing – live in high tower buildings surrounded by lots of green space. Style shifts in later 50's.
Regularity and repetition of the space. Created structures that are removed from the urban setting, park-like setting in order to observe nature around you. Issues: heat, sun constantly flowing in – Indian sun. |
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Term
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Definition
Graves
Burbank: Team Disney Building
1986
Post-Modern Architecture |
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Term
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Definition
Ireland
Caligari's Palace (Rope Drawing #99)
1993 |
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Definition
Morris
Untitled: L-beams
1965
Minimalism
How is a sculpture not a painting? Sculpture you have to move around it to experience it. Lacks feeling and content. Used prefabricated objects scattered around the room, makes “ABC art.” Industrial pieces (like Duchamp but not with a witty undertone – instead has a weighty meaning, sculpture becomes movement of an individual around a 3D object) – literal object. He detested ambiguity – can’t interpret work, is what it is |
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Term
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Definition
Morris
Untitled: six felt segments
1965
Minimalism
How is a sculpture not a painting? Sculpture you have to move around it to experience it. Lacks feeling and content. Used prefabricated objects scattered around the room, makes “ABC art.” Industrial pieces (like Duchamp but not with a witty undertone – instead has a weighty meaning, sculpture becomes movement of an individual around a 3D object) – literal object. He detested ambiguity – can’t interpret work, is what it is. |
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Term
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Definition
Stella
Copper Series
1960
Minimalism
Reacting against the artist being a tragic figure. Stella saw his work as the endpoint of art. Shapes his canvases, rejects traditional notion of horizontality and verticality (in horizontality still retain sense of 3D on 2D or representational.) Change shape, gives shadow, doesn’t allow you to put representation into it. Shape of canvas emphasizes its flatness. Flatness is the fundamentalness of the medium, thus he’s reducing the medium to its basic element. Negates idea of related sequence, not necessarily experiencing time in a sequential order. Markers of different shapes in a parade. Order doesn’t matter. Connecting in a sequence that they share certain constituent elements but do not rely upon that order. Works are easy to replicate. |
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Term
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Definition
Stella
Jill (Black Series)
1960
Minimalism
Pure form, stark black with thin white lines, doesn’t look to connect people. Is what it is, empty of content = language of high modernism, what distinguishes a painting from a sculpture.
Reacting against the artist being a tragic figure. Stella saw his work as the endpoint of art. Shapes his canvases, rejects traditional notion of horizontality and verticality (in horizontality still retain sense of 3D on 2D or representational.) Change shape, gives shadow, doesn’t allow you to put representation into it. Shape of canvas emphasizes its flatness. Flatness is the fundamentalness of the medium, reducing to basic elements.
Negates idea of related sequence, not necessarily experiencing time in a sequential order. Order doesn’t matter. Connecting in a sequence that they share certain constituent elements but do not rely upon that order. Works are easy to replicate. |
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Term
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Definition
Stella
Empress of India
1960
Minimalism
No stasis for the eye, do not want you to be able to immerse yourself into the painting. Experiencing continual motion, can’t be at rest.
Reacting against the artist being a tragic figure. Stella saw his work as the endpoint of art. Shapes his canvases, rejects traditional notion of horizontality and verticality (in horizontality still retain sense of 3D on 2D or representational.) Change shape, gives shadow, doesn’t allow you to put representation into it. Shape of canvas emphasizes its flatness. Flatness is the fundamentalness of the medium, reducing to basic elements.
Negates idea of related sequence, not necessarily experiencing time in a sequential order. Order doesn’t matter. Connecting in a sequence that they share certain constituent elements but do not rely upon that order. Works are easy to replicate. |
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Term
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Definition
Morris
Untitled (Version III in 19 Parts)
1965
Minimalism
How is a sculpture not a painting? Sculpture you have to move around it to experience it. Lacks feeling and content. Used prefabricated objects scattered around the room, makes “ABC art.” Industrial pieces (like Duchamp but not with a witty undertone – instead has a weighty meaning, sculpture becomes movement of an individual around a 3D object) – literal object. He detested ambiguity – can’t interpret work, is what it is. |
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Term
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Definition
Newman
Frankenthaler
Louis
Rothko
Places less emphasis on gesture, brushstrokes and action in favour of an overall consistency of form and process. |
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Term
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Definition
Klein
Used visual language of abstract expressionism but poking fun at the idea of the mythical artist. |
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Term
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Definition
Johns
Rauschenberg
Exemplified by its use of modern materials, popular imagery, and absurdist contrast. It also patently denies traditional concepts of aesthetics. |
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Term
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Definition
Judd
Stella
Morris
Fried
Caro
Graphical way to empty paintings of content or meaning (push painting to ultimate limits.) Reduce a medium to its basic constituent elements (paint and canvas), complete removal of narrative/representation/content – pure paint upon canvas, emphasis on flatness. |
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Term
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Definition
Oldenburg
Warhol
Lichtenstein
Cool emotion, can be about non-uniqueness, mass production, repetition. Dematerialize into concept or action |
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Term
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Definition
Heizer
de Maria
Smithson
Christo
Mendieta
Long
Sierra
Uses earth/elements of the earth, measuring marking geological time. Not meant to displace the objects, subvert the traditional norms of what art is – can only exist in photographs, must experience their art. Desire for absorption of individual into the landscape. Process of reaching the site is part of the work itself. |
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Term
Performance/Body Art/Conceptual
(10) |
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Definition
Mendieta
Chicago
Baldassari
Sooja
Ono
Kaprow
Burden
Huan
Abromovic
Claude
Body art: Challenge to the authority of the art object. Moral and ethical manifestation of their awareness that they are not bystanders. Art making you extremely aware of your own presentness. |
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Term
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Definition
Van der Rohe
Corbusier
Pei
Spare modern sleek structures that isolate individuals from one another --> created communities that are completely isolated from resources. |
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Term
Post-Modern Architecture
(3) |
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Definition
Venturi
Brown
Graves
Reference and ornament have returned to the facade, with use of non-orthogonal angles and unusual surfaces. Rejection of strict rules set by the early modernists and seeks meaning and expression in the use of building techniques, forms, and stylistic references. |
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Term
Abstract Expressionism
(8) |
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Definition
Pollock
Rothko
Albers
Kranser
Gorky
de Kooning
Tobey
Gotti
Emphasis on spontaneous, automatic or subconscious creation. |
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Definition
Rivera
Evergood
Benton
-WPA
The movement is a style of painting in which the scenes depicted typically convey a message of social or political protest edged with satire. |
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Term
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Definition
| Functional boring architecture, but carries a surface alive with appliqué ornamental symbols, the function of which is to evoke various emotional responses. Where the elements try to make the building something other than what it is. |
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Term
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Definition
| building that has so reduced itself in importance in comparison to its sign that it has actually become the sign. Where the architectural systems of space, structure, and program are submerged and distorted by an overall symbolic form. When a building is subtly formed and interpreted by its overall composure. It is the structure that makes the ornamentation. The buildings try to be nothing more than they are and although read as ornamented, massive forms. Pyramids, Colosseum. |
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