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| (anything that has mass AND occupies physical space) OR (anything with that can be measured in grams AND has physical dimensions that can be measured in distance LxWxH) |
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| the force of attraction between the earth's mass and objects near its surface |
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| the standard unit of mass |
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| the quantity of matter in an object |
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a combination of the force of gravity on an object of a particular mass
Weight = force of gravity X mass |
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| describes the quantity of three dimensional space that an object occupies |
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| What three types of metal are used to mint U.S. coins? |
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| What is a graduated cylinder? |
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| What was the starting volume for each experiment, and why did we choose 50 milliliters? |
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| What types of coins were collected and what historical figure is featured on each coin? |
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| If Step 1 is to separate coins by type, what is Step 2? |
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| If Step 3 is that we collected random coin samples by decade, what is Step 4? |
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| What is the metric unit for Volume? |
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| What measurement is used to determine the volume of irregular solids? |
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True or False
One cubic centimeter is equal to one milliliter. |
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True or False
A solid takes the shape of its container. |
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True or False
All metals have the same density. |
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| An alloy is a mixture of metals. |
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| A crystal is a two dimensional structure of a liquid. |
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How is density calculated?
National Standard: solve simple problems involving... derived measurements for... density. |
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How did we form our hypothesis?
National Standard: Ability necessary to do scientific inquiry |
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| We made observations noticing these features of coins: |
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What are the steps of the scientific method?
National Standard: Understand scientific inquiry |
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Name physical properties similar to all of the coins studied.
National Standard: Properties and changes of properties in matter |
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What are the kinds of forces that cause properties of materials to change, and what was our hypothesis about the appearance of different coins?
National Standard: Motions and forces |
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Define thermodynamics.
National Standard: Transfer of energy |
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What quantitative measures did we record in our notebook? In other words, which intensive properties of coins did we measure?
National Standard: use common benchmarks to select appropriate methods for estimating measurements; |
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What do you call the technique we used to estimate coin density?
National Standard: select and apply techniques and tools to accurately find... volume ...to appropriate levels of precision; |
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If coins are stacked on top of one another, what type of shape is formed, and how did we use the formula for volume of this shape in our experiment?
National Standard: develop and use formulas to determine the circumference of circles... and more-complex shapes; |
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Why did we add multiple coins to the graduated cylinder at one time?
National Standard: develop strategies to determine the... volume of ...cylinders; |
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Per coin type, did we see a large difference in the recorded mass? What about volume?
National Standard: solve problems involving scale factors, using ratio and proportion; |
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Which weighs more, a kilogram of bricks or a kilogram of feathers?
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Analytical_Chemistry/Quantifying_Nature/Density_and_Percent_Compositions |
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| Though many people will say that a kilogram of bricks is heavier, they actually weigh the same! However, many people are caught up by the concept of density, which causes them to answer the question incorrectly. |
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| Which weighs more, a truckload of bricks or a truckload of marshmallows? |
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A truckload is a known volume. Bricks are 100 times more dense than marshmallows.
If volume is constant, but densities differ, then the more dense material will weigh more. |
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| While sitting in the bathtub, what realization caused Archimedes to run into the street naked and scream, "Eureka!"? |
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| He could determine if the gold crown was truly 100% gold or a less valuable counterfeit by estimating the percent composition of gold by determining density. |
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True or False
Density can be used to estimate the amount of copper in a penny. |
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| ______ is equal to mass divided by volume. |
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| Percent ______ is the total mass of an element present divided by the molecular mass found on the _______ Table. |
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| Density is a ________ property and a(n) _________ measurement. |
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| Regardless of sample size, density is always constant. What does this tell us about our experimental design? |
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| Compare the percent of Ni in the quarter, the dime, and the nickel. Three quarters of the metal is Ni. Therefore, density of all silver coins is very close. |
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True or False
If we cut the face off a penny its mass will decrease. |
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True or False
When mass is equal to 100g and volume is equal to 50mL, the density is equal to 2 grams per centimeter cubed. |
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True
100/50 = 2
also, drop an equal number of zeros:
10/5 = 2 |
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True or False
If you have two identical wedding bands, one made of 100% gold (Au) and one made of pure platinum (Pt), they will have the same mass. |
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False
They will have the same volume.
They will have different densities. |
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Weight is measured using a __________.
Gravity is measured using a __________ . |
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True or False
Density can be used to identify an unknown element. |
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True
In the laboratory, elements can be separated or purified through chemical reactions and confirmed by calculating the density of the purified substance. |
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| I learned from my research that the _______ _______ from lemon juice can erode the Zn core of a scratched penny without affecting the Cu coating. An extremely _______ _________ is needed to remove the copper. This should only be performed in a laboratory with safety gear. |
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| Archimedes' Principle states that if an object has a _______ density than the liquid that it is placed into, it will sink and displace a volume of liquid equal to its own. |
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| Archimedes' Principle states of an object has a _________ density, it will float and displace a mass of liquid equal to its own. |
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| Archimedes' Principle states that if an objects density is ________ to the liquid, it will not sink or float. |
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True or False
The density of water is 1.0 g/cm3 at standard temperature an pressure (STP). |
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True
Liquids also have densities. |
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| What is Archimedes Principle? |
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| If the density of water is equal to 1 g/cm3, then any object with a density greater than 1 will sink, and any object with a density less than 1 will sink, and anything with a density equal to 1 will not sink or float. |
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True or False
Aluminum will float in water at STP.
D of Al = 2.7 |
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True of False
An empty aluminum can will float in water.
D of Al = 2.7 |
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True
An aluminum can is fill inside with air, and air is less dense than water. This is called buoyancy.
The volume of air inside the can exceeds volume of Al. |
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| What is a chemical compound? |
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| a combination of two or more elements from the Periodic Table |
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| Where can you obtain the molecular mass of an element? |
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| If you wanted to find a pure copper penny, how far back would you have to set you time travel machine? |
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1857
Set the time machine back 158 years.
The penny, being only one cent, and by 1857, a penny was literally not worth its weight in copper. People could melt copper pennies and sell the copper for more than the pennies were worth. Therefore, the U.S. mint started changing the percent composition to less than 100% |
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| In 1864, pennies were made of _______. |
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True or False
Bronze is 95% copper. |
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| In ______, the percent composition of copper in a penny was 0% because of World War II. |
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Timeline of Copper U.S. Penny
% Cu
_________ to ________ = 100%
_________ to ________ = 95%
1943 to 1943 = 0%
1944 to ________ = 0-95%
1982 to 2015 = 2.5% |
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True or False
The copper penny has retained the same physical characteristics through its 300+ years, but its mass has changed. |
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True
Our results show the mass per penny (grams/coin) for 1970s pennies is greater than 1980 - 2015. |
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| What is the density of a penny minted after 1982? |
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| Density of a penny minted after 1982 |
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| Density of a penny minted before 1982 |
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| Slope of the line for a penny minted after 1982 |
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| Slope of the line for a penny minted before 1982 |
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| Slope of the line for a dime |
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| Slope of the line for a nickel |
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| What is the percent composition of Ni in a nickel? |
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Definition
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| What is the percent composition of Ni in a penny? |
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Definition
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| What is the percent composition of Ni in a dime? |
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| What is the percent composition of Ni in a quarter? |
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Definition
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| What 3 metals are used to mint U.S. Coins? |
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T/F
One cubic centimeter is equal to one milliliter |
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T/F
A solid takes on the shape of its container. |
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False
A liquid takes on the shape of its container. |
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T/F
All metals have the same density. |
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False
Pure metals have unique densities based on their atomic mass. |
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| How is density calculated? |
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| Divide the mass (g) of an object by its volume (mL) |
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| The rule that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by that object. |
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| The mass of a substance contained in a unit of volume. Mass/volume |
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| An object that is more dense than the fluid i which it is immersed will do this. |
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Definition
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| If an object has a density that is equal to the density of the fluid in which it is immersed it will do this. |
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| Float at a constant level |
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| The unit of measurement of density is |
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| To calculate density you must know two things about the substance. What are they? |
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| If an object floats to the surface of the fluid in which it is immersed it is... |
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| ...less dense than the fluid. |
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| Volume can measured in this unit |
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| Helium is less dense than air so a balloon does this. |
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Definition
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| Mass is measured in this unit. |
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Definition
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| If you submerge an object what happens when the buoyancy force acts on it? |
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| The object floats in the fluid |
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| What is the technique we used to estimate density? |
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| If you stack ten coins on top of one another, what shape is formed? |
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Definition
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| Which weighs more? A kilogram of bricks or a kilogram of feathers? |
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Definition
| The weigh the same amount, 1 kilogram, however, they have different volumes. |
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| Which weighs more, a truckload of bricks or a truckload of marshmallows? |
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Definition
| The truck weighs more because they are a denser material and the truck is a confined volume. |
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| While sitting in the bathtub, what realization caused Archimedes to run into the street and scream, "Eureka!" |
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Definition
| He realized that a solid displaces a liquid equal to its volume. |
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| If the mass and density are know, how do we solve for the volume? |
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Definition
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| If we know the mass and the volume displaced by an object how do we solve for density? |
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| Divide the mass in grams by the volume in milliliters. |
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True or False
The units for density are grams/mL. |
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True
Because 1mL is equal to 1cm^3. This is a unit conversion. |
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| Name 2 Extrinsic descriptions for matter |
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Definition
| anything with mass AND volume |
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| How are Intrinsic properties of matter derived? |
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| By using Extrinsic values in formulas... Why? 2 reasons... 1. to independently describe differences between two or more objects... 2. to create rate formulas (change in _____ over time)... in our work coin mass/year |
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| Given the formula, [(Coin Mass)/Decade], what can be said about the variable in parentheses ( )? |
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| Within ( ) mass is an Extrinsic property of each coin... in other words, we can measure it at a single point in time |
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